32 research outputs found
Additional file 5: of Comparative proteomic analysis reveals a dynamic pollen plasma membrane protein map and the membrane landscape of receptor-like kinases and transporters important for pollen tube growth and interaction with pistils in rice
Plasma membrane-related proteins. (XLSX 240 kb
Differential Analysis of Proteomes and Metabolomes Reveals Additively Balanced Networking for Metabolism in Maize Heterosis
A century
ago, dominance and overdominance hypotheses were developed
to explain the phenomenon of heterosis, both hypotheses were in a
nonadditive pattern. Here, a principal component analysis (PCA) of
maize seed proteomes was used for representative inbreds of five heterotic
germplasms and three classes of hybrid. Hybrids congregated in the
center region of inbreds, forming an additive distribution with hybrids
in the middle of their parents. Principal components 1 and 2 indicated
biased distributions of proteins with functions of amino acid–protein
or carbohydrate–energy metabolisms, respectively, after loading
analysis and MS identification of proteins. Then, GC–MS was
used to examine free amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids.
A lower level of these metabolites were found in hybrids than inbreds.
Further, we performed similar analyses of germinating seeds of a parent–F1
triad and three F2 segregants and confirmed these results. Therefore,
an additive pattern of protein abundances for an unimpeded flow of
metabolites was established in heterotic hybrids. That is, an additively
balanced networking but not the nonadditive dominance or overdominance
regulates heterosis. The less expensive metabolism in hybrids suggested
the evolution of sexual reproduction. The Mendelian phenotypic ratio
can be better explained based on this additive pattern than dominance
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Generative and Sperm Cells Reveals Molecular Characteristics Associated with Sperm Development and Function Specialization
In flowering plants, two sperm cells
(SCs) are generated from a
generative cell (GC) in the developing pollen grain or growing pollen
tube and are then delivered to the embryo sac to initiate double fertilization.
SC development and function specialization involve the strict control
of the protein (gene) expression program and coordination of diverse
cellular processes. However, because methods for collecting a large
amount of highly purified GCs and SCs for proteomic and transcriptomic
studies from a plant are not available, molecular information about
the program and the interconnections is lacking. Here, we describe
a method for obtaining a large quantity of highly purified GCs and
SCs from just-germinated lily pollen grains and growing pollen tubes
for proteomic analysis. Our observation showed that SCs had less condensed
chromatin and more vacuole-like structures than GCs and that mature
SCs were arrested at the G2 phase. Comparison of SC and GC proteomes
revealed 101 proteins differentially expressed in the two proteomes.
These proteins are involved in diverse cellular and metabolic processes,
with preferential involvement in metabolism, the cell cycle, signaling,
the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and chromatin remodeling. Impressively,
almost all proteins in SCF complex-mediated proteolysis and the cell
cycle were up-regulated in SCs, whereas those in chromatin remodeling
and stress response were down-regulated. Our data also reveal the
coordination of SCF complex-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle progression,
and DNA repair in SC development and function specialization. This
study revealed for the first time a difference in protein profiles
between GCs and SCs
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Generative and Sperm Cells Reveals Molecular Characteristics Associated with Sperm Development and Function Specialization
In flowering plants, two sperm cells
(SCs) are generated from a
generative cell (GC) in the developing pollen grain or growing pollen
tube and are then delivered to the embryo sac to initiate double fertilization.
SC development and function specialization involve the strict control
of the protein (gene) expression program and coordination of diverse
cellular processes. However, because methods for collecting a large
amount of highly purified GCs and SCs for proteomic and transcriptomic
studies from a plant are not available, molecular information about
the program and the interconnections is lacking. Here, we describe
a method for obtaining a large quantity of highly purified GCs and
SCs from just-germinated lily pollen grains and growing pollen tubes
for proteomic analysis. Our observation showed that SCs had less condensed
chromatin and more vacuole-like structures than GCs and that mature
SCs were arrested at the G2 phase. Comparison of SC and GC proteomes
revealed 101 proteins differentially expressed in the two proteomes.
These proteins are involved in diverse cellular and metabolic processes,
with preferential involvement in metabolism, the cell cycle, signaling,
the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, and chromatin remodeling. Impressively,
almost all proteins in SCF complex-mediated proteolysis and the cell
cycle were up-regulated in SCs, whereas those in chromatin remodeling
and stress response were down-regulated. Our data also reveal the
coordination of SCF complex-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle progression,
and DNA repair in SC development and function specialization. This
study revealed for the first time a difference in protein profiles
between GCs and SCs
Quantitative Proteomics and Cytology of Rice Pollen Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains Reveals Pre-established Cell Polarity Cues in Mature Pollen
Cell
polarity is essential for generating diverse cell functions.
The underlying mechanisms of how a cell establishes, maintains, and
changes its polarity are poorly understood. Recently, sterol-rich
membrane microdomains are found to be associated with these processes.
However, both its exact characteristics and importance are still unclear.
Here we show microdomains change dynamically in developing and germinating
rice pollen with selective enrichment in the aperture and the tip
of newly born pollen tubes by use of the sterol-specific probe filipin.
Using the sterol extraction sensitivities of microdomain proteins
and quantitative proteomics, we identified 237 microdomain-associated
proteins from 934 identified pollen detergent resistant membrane proteins.
This proteome includes almost all of the known key regulators comprising
the polar growth network, and it shows more similarity to front–back
polarized HeLa cells than nonpolarized <i>Arabidopsis</i> suspension cells. We immunolocalize flotilin-like protein, a representative
of these sterol-dependent proteins and directly visualize microdomains
in pollen. These results indicate the presence of microdomains in
pollen and pre-established cell polarity around the aperture during
pollen maturation. Our findings reveal an atlas of the microdomain-associated
proteome in pollen. This work provides useful resources and knowledge
needed to further dissect the mechanisms for the establishment and
maintenance of cell polarity
Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Aflatoxin-Triggered Immune Response in Cotyledons of <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> Infected with <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>
An immune response is triggered in host cells when host
receptors
recognize conserved molecular motifs, pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs), such as β-glucans, and chitin at the cell
surface of a pathogen. Effector-triggered immunity occurs when pathogens
deliver effectors into the host cell to suppress the first immune
signaling. Using a differential proteomic approach, we identified
an array of proteins responding to aflatoxins in cotyledons of peanut
(<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) infected with aflatoxin-producing
(toxigenic) but not nonaflatoxin-producing (atoxigenic) strains of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. These proteins are involved in immune
signaling and PAMP perception, DNA and RNA stabilization, induction
of defense, innate immunity, hypersensitive response, biosynthesis
of phytoalexins, cell wall responses, peptidoglycan assembly, penetration
resistance, condensed tannin synthesis, detoxification, and metabolic
regulation. Gene expression analysis confirmed the differential abundance
of proteins in peanut cotyledons supplemented with aflatoxins, with
or without infection with the atoxigenic strain. Similarly, peanut
germination and <i>A. flavus</i> growth were altered in
response to aflatoxin B1. These findings show an additional immunity
initiated by aflatoxins. With the PAMP- and effector-triggered immune
responses, this immunity constitutes the third immune response of
the immune system in peanut cotyledon cells. The system is also a
three-grade coevolution of plant–pathogen interaction
Quantitative Proteomics and Cytology of Rice Pollen Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains Reveals Pre-established Cell Polarity Cues in Mature Pollen
Cell
polarity is essential for generating diverse cell functions.
The underlying mechanisms of how a cell establishes, maintains, and
changes its polarity are poorly understood. Recently, sterol-rich
membrane microdomains are found to be associated with these processes.
However, both its exact characteristics and importance are still unclear.
Here we show microdomains change dynamically in developing and germinating
rice pollen with selective enrichment in the aperture and the tip
of newly born pollen tubes by use of the sterol-specific probe filipin.
Using the sterol extraction sensitivities of microdomain proteins
and quantitative proteomics, we identified 237 microdomain-associated
proteins from 934 identified pollen detergent resistant membrane proteins.
This proteome includes almost all of the known key regulators comprising
the polar growth network, and it shows more similarity to front–back
polarized HeLa cells than nonpolarized <i>Arabidopsis</i> suspension cells. We immunolocalize flotilin-like protein, a representative
of these sterol-dependent proteins and directly visualize microdomains
in pollen. These results indicate the presence of microdomains in
pollen and pre-established cell polarity around the aperture during
pollen maturation. Our findings reveal an atlas of the microdomain-associated
proteome in pollen. This work provides useful resources and knowledge
needed to further dissect the mechanisms for the establishment and
maintenance of cell polarity
Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Aflatoxin-Triggered Immune Response in Cotyledons of <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> Infected with <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>
An immune response is triggered in host cells when host
receptors
recognize conserved molecular motifs, pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs), such as β-glucans, and chitin at the cell
surface of a pathogen. Effector-triggered immunity occurs when pathogens
deliver effectors into the host cell to suppress the first immune
signaling. Using a differential proteomic approach, we identified
an array of proteins responding to aflatoxins in cotyledons of peanut
(<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) infected with aflatoxin-producing
(toxigenic) but not nonaflatoxin-producing (atoxigenic) strains of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. These proteins are involved in immune
signaling and PAMP perception, DNA and RNA stabilization, induction
of defense, innate immunity, hypersensitive response, biosynthesis
of phytoalexins, cell wall responses, peptidoglycan assembly, penetration
resistance, condensed tannin synthesis, detoxification, and metabolic
regulation. Gene expression analysis confirmed the differential abundance
of proteins in peanut cotyledons supplemented with aflatoxins, with
or without infection with the atoxigenic strain. Similarly, peanut
germination and <i>A. flavus</i> growth were altered in
response to aflatoxin B1. These findings show an additional immunity
initiated by aflatoxins. With the PAMP- and effector-triggered immune
responses, this immunity constitutes the third immune response of
the immune system in peanut cotyledon cells. The system is also a
three-grade coevolution of plant–pathogen interaction
Quantitative Proteomics and Cytology of Rice Pollen Sterol-Rich Membrane Domains Reveals Pre-established Cell Polarity Cues in Mature Pollen
Cell
polarity is essential for generating diverse cell functions.
The underlying mechanisms of how a cell establishes, maintains, and
changes its polarity are poorly understood. Recently, sterol-rich
membrane microdomains are found to be associated with these processes.
However, both its exact characteristics and importance are still unclear.
Here we show microdomains change dynamically in developing and germinating
rice pollen with selective enrichment in the aperture and the tip
of newly born pollen tubes by use of the sterol-specific probe filipin.
Using the sterol extraction sensitivities of microdomain proteins
and quantitative proteomics, we identified 237 microdomain-associated
proteins from 934 identified pollen detergent resistant membrane proteins.
This proteome includes almost all of the known key regulators comprising
the polar growth network, and it shows more similarity to front–back
polarized HeLa cells than nonpolarized <i>Arabidopsis</i> suspension cells. We immunolocalize flotilin-like protein, a representative
of these sterol-dependent proteins and directly visualize microdomains
in pollen. These results indicate the presence of microdomains in
pollen and pre-established cell polarity around the aperture during
pollen maturation. Our findings reveal an atlas of the microdomain-associated
proteome in pollen. This work provides useful resources and knowledge
needed to further dissect the mechanisms for the establishment and
maintenance of cell polarity
Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Aflatoxin-Triggered Immune Response in Cotyledons of <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> Infected with <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>
An immune response is triggered in host cells when host
receptors
recognize conserved molecular motifs, pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs), such as β-glucans, and chitin at the cell
surface of a pathogen. Effector-triggered immunity occurs when pathogens
deliver effectors into the host cell to suppress the first immune
signaling. Using a differential proteomic approach, we identified
an array of proteins responding to aflatoxins in cotyledons of peanut
(<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) infected with aflatoxin-producing
(toxigenic) but not nonaflatoxin-producing (atoxigenic) strains of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>. These proteins are involved in immune
signaling and PAMP perception, DNA and RNA stabilization, induction
of defense, innate immunity, hypersensitive response, biosynthesis
of phytoalexins, cell wall responses, peptidoglycan assembly, penetration
resistance, condensed tannin synthesis, detoxification, and metabolic
regulation. Gene expression analysis confirmed the differential abundance
of proteins in peanut cotyledons supplemented with aflatoxins, with
or without infection with the atoxigenic strain. Similarly, peanut
germination and <i>A. flavus</i> growth were altered in
response to aflatoxin B1. These findings show an additional immunity
initiated by aflatoxins. With the PAMP- and effector-triggered immune
responses, this immunity constitutes the third immune response of
the immune system in peanut cotyledon cells. The system is also a
three-grade coevolution of plant–pathogen interaction