Non-surgical Management of Endodontic Periradicular Pathosis - A Clinical Research

Background: In most cases the aetiological factors of periradicular diseases are oral contaminants through the root canal or degenerating pulpal tissues. Therefore, the mere surgical removal of the periapical lesions without proper root canal disinfection and obturation will not result in the healing of the periradicular tissues. On the other hand, traditional surgical technique rather fearful and troublesome job due to various reasons. So successful apical and periapical repair depends on conventional root canal treatment - a non surgical procedure. Crucial to this management and ultimate success is the complete debridement of the root canal system, followed by three-dimensional obturation to seal both the apical foramen and coronal orifice. Objective: Thus, the purpose of this study was to clinically verify the possibility of management of periradicular pathosis by non-surgical conventional root canal therapy. Methods: The present study was a prospective observational study carried out in the department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Here, 75 cases of eondodontically involved symptomatic non-vital teeth having periradicular pathosis were managed by conventional root canal therapy. Result: After 18 months follow up with post operative clinical and radiological evaluations, in this study the final outcome was favourable-88%, doubtful-08 %, and failure-04%. Key words: Endodontics; Periarticular pathosisDOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v1i1.3694 BSMMU J 2008; 1(1): 22-2

Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of CD19 + acute myeloid leukemia

Aberrant expression of CD19 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is commonly associated with t(8;21)(q22;q22), although AML cases lacking this translocation occasionally express CD19. Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia also frequently expresses CD19. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is a major breakthrough for cancer treatment, with the recent approval of CD19-directed CAR (CD19CAR) for treating B-cell malignancies. However, little information exists on using CD19CAR for other CD19 positive neoplasms such as AML. Our findings indicate that CD19CAR therapy can potentially be used for those with mixed phenotype leukemia and a subset of AML cases. Keywords: T cells, Immunotherapy, Acute myeloid leukemia, Mixed phenotype acute leukemia, Chimeric antigen receptor

Epidemiological study of tick infestation in buffalo of various regions of district Khairpur, Pakistan

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological infestation and identification of Ixodidae and Argasidae ticks species in buffalo of different parts of district Khairpur, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 720 Water buffaloes from three tehsils (subdivisions) were selected randomly and examined from organized and unorganized dairy farms for tick infestation in district Khairpur, Pakistan. This epidemiological survey was conducted during April to September 2015. Results: The overall mean population and preferred site of tick attachment to infested animals, in Gambat, Sobhodero, and Kot Diji tehsils, were observed on different body parts. The primary body area of infestation by ticks (head, thorax, abdomen, udder, and tail) ranged from highest in tail and udder part compared to lowest in the abdomen, head, and thorax. In all study areas, the infestation was higher (p<0.05) in tail and udder than other parts of the body. In all the study areas, the overall highest population was found in the month of July. In addition, we first time identify four new species of ticks (Hyalomma anatolicum, H. anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma Ixodes excavatum, and Ixodes ricinus) in district Khairpur, Pakistan. Conclusion: Results of this study provide additional information of epidemiological tick infestation, and will be helpful for evolving effective control policy for the management of tick infestation in study district

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Convalescent Plasma Versus Standard Plasma in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infected Hospitalized Patients in New York: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial

Objectives: Four peer-reviewed publications have reported results from randomized controlled trials of convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 infection; none were conducted in the United States nor used standard plasma as a comparator. To determine if administration of convalescent plasma to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 increases antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and improves outcome. Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Hospital in New York. Patients: Patients with polymerase chain reaction documented coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Interventions: Patients were randomized (4:1) to receive 2 U of convalescent plasma versus standard plasma. Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were measured in plasma units and in trial recipients. Measurements and main results: Enrollment was terminated after emergency use authorization was granted for convalescent plasma. Seventy-four patients were randomized. At baseline, mean (sd) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.4 [5.6] and 22.5 [6.6]), percent of patients intubated (19% and 20%), and median (interquartile range) days from symptom onset to randomization of 9 (6-18) and 9 (6-15), were similar in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma arms, respectively. Convalescent plasma had high neutralizing activity (median [interquartile range] titer 1:526 [1:359-1:786]) and its administration increased antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 14.4%, whereas standard plasma administration led to an 8.6% decrease (p = 0.005). No difference was observed for ventilator-free days through 28 days (primary study endpoint): median (interquartile range) of 28 (2-28) versus 28 (0-28; p = 0.86) for the convalescent plasma and standard plasma groups, respectively. A greater than or equal to 2 point improvement in the World Health Organization scale was achieved by 20% of subjects in both arms (p = 0.99). All-cause mortality through 90 days was numerically lower in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma groups (27% vs 33%; p = 0.63) but did not achieve statistical significance. A key prespecified subgroup analysis of time to death in patients who were intubated at baseline was statistically significant; however, sample size numbers were small. Conclusions: Administration of convalescent plasma to hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection increased antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 but was not associated with improved outcome