Idiomatic Patterns and Aesthetic Influence in Computer Music Languages

It is widely accepted that acoustic and digital musical instruments shape the cognitive processes of the performer on both embodied and conceptual levels, ultimately influencing the structure and aesthetics of the resulting performance. In this article we examine the ways in which computer music languages might similarly influence the aesthetic decisions of the digital music practitioner, even when those languages are designed for generality and theoretically capable of implementing any sound-producing process. We examine the basis for querying the non-neutrality of tools with a particular focus on the concept of idiomaticity: patterns of instruments or languages which are particularly easy or natural to execute in comparison to others. We then present correspondence with the developers of several major music programming languages and a survey of digital musical instrument creators examining the relationship between idiomatic patterns of the language and the characteristics of the resulting instruments and pieces. In an open-ended creative domain, asserting causal relationships is difficult and potentially inappropriate, but we find a complex interplay between language, instrument, piece and performance that suggests that the creator of the music programming language should be considered one party to a creative conversation that occurs each time a new instrument is designed.Peer reviewe

Negative effects of excessive media exposure in children and adolescents; violence tendency and internet dependence [Medyanin çocuk ve gençler üzerine olumsuz etkileri; şiddet egilimi ve i·nternet bagimligi]

Although, marked contribution of media on modern life, excessive and inappropriate using may cause important behavioral and emotional problems, especially in children and adolescents. It was shown by many experimental and longitudinal studies that media violence result permanent and increased aggressive behaviors short and long periods. It includes viewing violence on television but it is more pronounced on computer and internet games because of active learning processes. Recently, internet addiction is an also important mental health problem which affects the most of the societies. Playing game and chatting on internet are more risky using forms for internet addiction. Other psychiatric disorders, especially attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorders and anxiety disorders are frequently seen together with internet addiction. Family training programs includes risks of media and appropriate media using forms; and legal measures are prime necessities at now

The clinical features of children and adolescents with school refusal [Okul reddi olan çocuk ve ergenlerin klinik özellikleri]

Objective: To assess the clinical features of children with school refusal and discuss them in the light of the resources reviewed. Methods: Fifty-five children with school refusal have been included in the study. Firstly, we gave information about study and got informed consent. Detailed clinical interviews were made with child and parents. A sociodemographic information form and a Symptom Check List for Separation Anxiety Disorder were applied to the parents. Definitive statistics were employed in the evaluation of the data. Results: It was found that among children who presented with complaints of school refusal the number of boys was higher; the average age of children was 9.1±3.0; school refusal was more frequently seen in children who go through important transition periods such as starting primary school (5-7 years) and junior high school (10-11 years); most of the families had either one child or two children; school refusal was more frequently seen in the first child of the family; the most frequently seen psychiatric disorder was separation anxiety disorder; and the most frequently seen accompanying diagnosis in children with separation anxiety disorder was another anxiety disorder. Conclusions: School refusal should be considered as an important problem due to its effects that could be permanent in the social, emotional, and educational life of the affected individual. The early identification and treatment of the cases will inhibit the development of psychiatric disorders. Today there is still ongoing controversy regarding school refusal. Thus, in child and adolescent population, future studies are needed to determine the etiology, epidemiology, subtypes, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of school refusal

The investigation of domestic violence in child psychiatric sample [Çocuk psikiyatri olgularinda aile içi şiddet öyküsünün sorgulanmasi]

Objective: When the studies are reviewed about domestic violence against partner and child, there are a few studies which include psychiatric sample, especially children. The aim of this study is to compare the two methods to domestic violence against child (DVAC) and domestic violence against partner (DVAP) in the pediatric psychiatric sample. Methods: In this study, DVAC and DVAP were investigated with two different methods. The first was self-report questionnaire. The second was to ask similar questions during face to face intervention, Participants were 510 mothers who had 4-12 years old child and who applied child and adolescent psychiatry department. Findings: Both DVAC and DVAP were determined higher rates in the first method. Additionally, correlation between two methods was very little. DVAC rates increased in the children who had DVAP history in their family. Conclusion: This study results were not similar to literature knowledge that 'DV should be examined as short and close and questions during face to face intervention'; according to our results the rate of this suggested method was effective at a level of only half-of the another method. This traditional method might be true, but it couldn't forget that this rate might bring Iower results than the reality. When there is a doubt about the presence of DV in family, different methods should be use, and each family member should be examined separately

Parental psychological symptoms and familial risk factors of children and adolescents who exhibit school refusal

PubMedID: 22215791Objectives: To assess the levels of psychological symptoms in the parents of children with school refusal and determine the familial risk factors in its development. Methods: This study was performed on 55 pairs of parents who had children exhibiting school refusal and were compared with a control group. A socio-demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90 revised were applied to these parents. Results: Parents of the school refusal group had higher anxiety and depression scores than the controls. Among the risk factors for school refusal, physical punishment by the parents, a history of organic disease in the parents or children, and a history of psychiatric disorders in the parents or other relatives were found to be significant. Conclusions: Depending on genetic and environmental factors, parents with psychiatric disorders appeared to be associated with development of psychiatric disorders in their children. Moreover, psychiatric disorders in parents negatively affected the treatment of their children and adolescents who exhibited school refusal. It is therefore vital to treat psychiatric disorders of parents with the children having psychiatric disorders, and thus increase parent participation in their children's therapeutic process. © 2011 Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists

Child sexual abuse: Seven years in practice

PubMedID: 20345776The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of sexually abused children. The records of 101 cases of child sexual abuse (CSA) were retrospectively evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics of the victims, type of sexual abuse, and psychiatric diagnosis were studied. Of the victims, 56.4% (n = 57) were female and 43.6% (n = 44) were male. The mean age was 9.57 ± 3.5, with a range of 4-17 years. Ninety-three (92.1%) of the victims had been admitted as part of the legal process. The majority (66.3%) of the victims had been abused by an acquaintance, while 33.7% had been abused by a stranger. Anal or vaginal penetration was reported in 48.5% of the cases. Post-traumatic stress disorder was the most common (54.5%) psychiatric diagnosis established after sexual abuse. Descriptive data related to the abused children and an understanding of the consequences of CSA will help authorities in planning prevention. © 2010 American Academy of Forensic Sciences

Detection of 1311 polymorphism in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene by microarray technique

Introduction: Nucleotide 1311 polymorphism at exon 11 of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene is fairly common in various populations worldwide, especially among Mediterranean populations. In this study, 1311 polymorphism in G6PD-deficient cases was identified by microarray technique. Material and methods: Four hundred and fifty clinically healthy subjects were screened and 32 cases were found to have G6PD deficiency (7.11%). Our analysis of genomic DNA samples from 32 G6PD-deficient individuals revealed that the number and percentage of subjects who had a C-to-T alteration at nucleotide 1311 were 21 and 4.7% respectively. Given that the frequency of 1311 poly-morphism has been reported in previous studies to be fairly high among G6PD-deficient people with the Mediterranean mutation, our data seem to be inconsistent with what we would expect for this particular region. Results: The highly diverse ethnic background of the Adana population which probably results from the high level of immigration into this part of Turkey may be one of the most sensible explanations for this unexpected finding. Nevertheless, it seems that our results need to be confirmed in larger studies. Conclusions: The polymorphism studies in the G6PD gene may help us to illuminate the genetic basis of the G6PD deficiency in different regions and in various ethnic groups, and also to discover the influence of a specific polymorphism on the clinical course of the deficiency. Copyright © 2011 Termedia & Banach

Comparison of two methods for hemoglobin A2 measurement

31st Congress of the Federation-of-European-Biochemical-Societies (FEBS) -- JUN 24-29, 2006 -- Istanbul, TURKEYWOS: 000238914002430…Federat European Biochem So