Immediate postoperative complications of sellar suprasellar lesions operated via pterional approach

Objective:  In neurosurgical facilities, lesions that occur in the sella turcica and suprasellar area are frequently encountered. Different complications have been documented in the past studies following surgical management of sellar suprasellar lesions. This study's rationale was to get data from our local population on complications related to the transcranial approach for sellar suprasellar lesions. The study aimed to determine the immediate (within one week) postoperative complications of sellar suprasellar lesions operated via a pterional approach Material and Methods:  This descriptive case series study was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at the neurosurgical facility lady reading hospital Peshawar. A total of 117 patients, meeting inclusion criteria irrespective of gender, diagnosed with the sellar suprasellar lesion between 18 to 60 years of age operated through a pterional approach. Post-op patients were followed for seven days to access main outcome measures such as CSF leak and diabetes insipidus. Results:  CSF leak found in 7.7% (n = 9) of patients while diabetes insipidus was detected in 14.5% (n = 17) patients. Gender and age-based stratification showed no statistically significant difference for both postoperative complications. Conclusion:  Diabetes insipidus was a more frequent postoperative complication in patients undergoing the pterional approach for sellar suprasellar lesions followed by CSF leak. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between different age groups and gender for all these complications

Hemorrhagic Stroke May Be the Sequelae of Brain Tumors

Objective:  Hemorrhagic stroke is a common neurosurgical emergency caused by multiple pathological conditions. Brain tumors can also present with acute neurodeficits secondary to hemorrhagic stroke. This study as case series was conducted to report the clinical presentation, radiological findings, causes and management of brain tumors presenting as hemorrhagic stroke. Materials and Methods:  Clinical assessment and radiological investigations were done, including CT brain and MRI brain with contrast. Surgery was done with evacuation of the hematoma and excision of tumor, and the tissue was sent for histopathology. Post operatively patients were shifted to the intensive care unit for monitoring and ventilator support if needed. Adjuvant treatment was guided according to histopathology report. Results:  Total number of patients who were diagnosed to have a bleed in brain tumor were thirteen (n = 13). There were 6 (46%) males and 7 (54%) females. Mean age was 55 years. Among 13 patients, 4 (31%) patients had metastatic brain tumors and 9 (69%) patients had primary brain tumors. Diagnosis was done on CT brain, MRI brain and confirmed on histopathology of tissue obtained during surgery. Out of 13 patients, 5 (38%) patients were asymptomatic prior to hemorrhage and 8 (62%) patients had neurodeficits before and recent episodes of bleeding, which caused deterioration of neurological state. Conclusion:  Malignant primary and metastatic brain tumors can present as acute focal deficits due to brain hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, radiological features and histopathology.&nbsp

(2Z)-4-[(2-Hy­droxy­phen­yl)carbamo­yl]prop-2-enoic acid

In the title compound, C10H9NO4, the 2-hy­droxy­anilinic and the 4-oxobut-2-enoic acid groups are almost planar, with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0086 and 0.0262 Å, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two groups is 6.65 (1)°. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form S(5), S(6) and S(7) ring motifs. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are dimerized due to C—H⋯O and O—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, with R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The dimers are inter­linked into polymeric chains along [010] with R 4 3(13) ring motifs by C—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Design and analysis of a novel tri-band flower-shaped planar antenna for GPS and WiMAX applications

This paper presents the design of a tri-band flower-shaped planar monopole antenna operating at three frequencies i.e. 1.576 GHz (GPS), 2.668 GHz and 3.636 GHz (Mobile WiMAX). The radiating element of the antenna is backed by a 1.6 mm thicker FR-4 substrate having a dielectric constant of 4.3. The substrate is backed by a truncated ground plane. The antenna is fed through a 50 Ω microstrip line. The flower shape of the radiating element is derived from the basic circular shape by introducing in it rounded slots of various radii. The upper part of the antenna is flower-shaped while the lower part comprises a microstrip feed line and two branches, each having two ‘leaves’ at the end. The leaves and branches contribute in the impedance matching of the lower (1.576 GHz) and middle (2.668 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna gives an acceptable simulated efficiency >70% in the three frequency bands. Suitable gains of 1.63, 2.59 and 3.23dB are obtained at 1.576 GHz, 2.668 GHz and 3.636 GHz, respectively. The antenna matched with a VSWR<1.2 in the three frequency bands. The prototype of the antenna is fabricated and tested in the laboratory, and good agreement in simulated and measured results is achieved. The proposed design is a visually appealing and may find uses as an external antenna in GPS and WiMAX applications

3-(3,5-Dichloro­anilinocarbon­yl)propionic acid

The crystal structure of the title compound, C10H9Cl2NO3, consists of dimers due to inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding forming an R 2 2(8) ring through the carboxyl­ groups. These dimers are linked to each other by inter­molecular hydrogen bonds between the amine group and the adjacent carbonyl O atom. A single C—Cl⋯π inter­action is also observed between the chloro-substituted aromatic rings

A 37 GHz Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array for 5G Communication Terminals

This work presents, design and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis of a 37 GHz antenna, for 5th Generation (5G) applications. The proposed antenna comprises of 4-elements of rectangular patch and an even distribution. The radiating element is composed of copper material supported by Rogers RT5880 substrate of thickness, 0.254 mm, dielectric constant (εr), 2.2, and loss tangent, 0.0009. The 4-elements array antenna is compact in size with a dimension of 8 mm × 20 mm in length and width. The radiating patch is excited with a 50 ohms connector i.e., K-type. The antenna resonates in the frequency band of 37 GHz, that covers the 5G applications. The antenna behavior is studied both in free space and in the proximity of the human body. Three models of the human body, i.e., belly, hand, and head (contain skin, fat, muscles, and bone) are considered for on-body simulations. At resonant frequency, the antenna gives a boresight gain of 11.6 dB. The antenna radiates efficiently with a radiated efficiency of more than 90%. Also, it is observed that the antenna detunes to the lowest in the proximity of the human body, but still a good impedance matching is achieved considering the −10 dB criteria. Moreover, SAR is also being presented. The safe limit of 2 W/kg for any 10 g of biological tissue, specified by the European International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) has been considered. The calculated values of SAR for human body models, i.e., belly, hand and head are 1.82, 1.81 and 1.09 W/kg, respectively. The SAR values are less than the international recommendations for the three models. Furthermore, the simulated and measured results of the antenna are in close agreement, which makes it, a potential candidate for the fifth-generation smart phones and other handheld devices

Bioavailability and Metabolic Pathway of Phenolic Compounds

As potential agents for preventing different oxidative stress-related diseases, phenolic compounds have attracted increasing attention with the passage of time. Intake of fruits, vegetables and cereals in higher quantities is linked with decreased chances of chronic diseases. In plant-based foods, phenolic compounds are very abundant. However, bio-accessibility and biotransformation of phenolic compound are not reviewed in these studies; therefore, a detailed action mechanism of phenolic compounds is not recognized. In this article, inclusive concept of different factors affecting the bioavailability of phenolic compounds and their metabolic processes is presented through which phenolic compounds go after ingestion