Determinants for farmers' decisions to participate in developing agricultural tourism activities. An empirical study of Iraq's economy

As he cultivates agricultural land, the farmer plays a crucial role in agricultural tourism. Farmers with less innovativeness do not contribute to the nation's economic prosperity. Agriculture tourism in Iraq is not as advanced as in affluent countries. This study investigates the factors influencing farmers' participation in developing agricultural tourism in Iraq. This study is based on a previously unexplored gap in the literature because no previous research has investigated this gap. This study included secondary data and a Likert scale questionnaire for empirical proof. Participants in this study were Iraqi farmers. In this regard, the findings of this study are an addition to the literature and the body of knowledge since they reveal that the factors of farmers' actions have a substantial impact on agriculture tourism in Iraq. The study also has significant practical implications for enhancing Iraq's tourism industry for economic growth. Moreover, the theoretical ramifications of this study have contributed to the advancement of knowledge. The future directions of this research are essential for future agricultural tourism research.Amenah Muayad Abdullah (College of Education/ College of education/ Al-Farahidi University /Baghdad/ Iraq), Mustafa obay Saeed (Department of Law, AlNoor University College, Bartella, Iraq), Zainab abed Almoussawi (College of Islamic Science /Ahl Al Bayt University /Kerbala / Iraq), Hassan Taher Braiber (Accounting Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq), Ihsan Ali Mubarak (The University of Mashreq/ Baghdad/ Iraq), Jenan Ali Hammoode (Accounting and Economics/ Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq)Includes bibliographical references

The effect of oil prices, oil demand, oil licensing round, oil product capacity, oil sector development, and inflation on the economic development of Iraq's economy

The oil-producing nations contribute significantly to the economic expansion of the oil exporting business. Political instability and infrastructure degradation have negatively impacted Iraq's economic growth. Less economic stability is a significant factor in Iraq's inflation rate. This study aims to determine the impact of oil prices, oil demand, licensing rounds, oil product capacity, oil sector development, and inflation on Iraq's economic development. This research uses secondary data from papers and surveys to determine its findings. The study indicated that oil prices, oil demand, the oil licensing round, oil product capacity, oil sector development, and inflation have an essential impact on Iraq's economic growth. This work is novel from a theoretical standpoint because previous research has ignored this gap in the literature. This study has produced empirical proof of economic growth in Iraq due to the oil industry and the issuance of oil licenses to various enterprises, which has significant consequences for practice.Mohammad Drai Ahmed (The University of Mashreq/ Baghdad/ Iraq), Maki Mahdi Abdulhasan (Al-Nisour University College/Baghdad/Iraq), Hassan Taher Braiber (Accounting Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq), Zainab Abed Almoussawi (College of Islamic Science /Ahl Al Bayt University /Kerbala / Iraq), Nidhal Raheem Mardood (Accounting and Economics/ Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq), Hareth Shallan Moshref Alaamery (Al-Amarah University College/ Al-Amarah, Iraq)Includes bibliographical references

Multi-Criteria Problems of Energy Consumption in Buildings Considering Technical and Economic Indices

This study focuses on economic modelling of the energy consumption in buildings considering controllable appliances scheduling in stand-alone electrical grids. The economic modelling is implemented via coordination of the energy generation of the renewable energies with controllable appliances by using demand shifting strategy (DSS). On the other side, uncertainty and stochastic modelling of the renewable energies are considered in the optimal coordination. Also, optimal coordination is modelled by multi-criteria problems of the technical and economic indices. Solving of the multi-criteria problem is done by fuzzy and augmented epsilon-constraint methods. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is applied on a 25-node test system through defining two scenarios. The obtained results show that modelling the optimal coordination to supply the demand of the grid can increase the efficiency of the system