Ionic Conductivities of Molten CuI and AgI-CuI Mixtures

Ionic conductivities σ for molten CuI and AgI-CuI mixtures were measured in the temperature ranges of approximately 580-800 and 500-850 °C, respectively. The value of σ for molten CuI in the range is smaller than that for molten CuBr and CuCl. σ for molten AgI-CuI mixtures decreases with increasing CuI-concentration. The activation energies Ea for molten AgI-CuI system were determined from the analysis of temperature dependence of σ by using the by Arrhenius type equation. Ea for molten AgI-CuI gradually increase with increasing CuIconcentration

Geographical Differences and the National Meeting Effect in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests: A JCS-ReSS Study Report

The "national meeting effect" refers to worse patient outcomes when medical professionals attend academic meetings and hospitals have reduced staffing. The aim of this study was to examine differences in outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) admitted during, before, and after meeting days according to meeting location and considering regional variation of outcomes, which has not been investigated in previous studies. Using data from a nationwide, prospective, population-based, observational study in Japan, we analyzed adult OHCA patients who underwent resuscitation attempts between 2011 and 2015. Favorable one-month neurological outcomes were compared among patients admitted during the relevant annual meeting dates of three national scientific societies, those admitted on identical days the week before, and those one week after the meeting dates. We developed a multivariate logistic regression model after adjusting for confounding factors, including meeting location and regional variation (better vs. worse outcome areas), using the "during meeting days" group as the reference. A total of 40,849 patients were included in the study, with 14,490, 13,518, and 12,841 patients hospitalized during, before, and after meeting days, respectively. The rates of favorable neurological outcomes during, before, and after meeting days was 1.7, 1.6, and 1.8%, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, favorable neurological outcomes did not differ among the three groups (adjusted OR (95% CI) of the before and after meeting dates groups was 1.03 (0.83-1.28) and 1.01 (0.81-1.26), respectively. The "national meeting effect" did not exist in OHCA patients in Japan, even after comparing data during, before, and after meeting dates and considering meeting location and regional variation

Improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated by emergency life-saving technicians compared with basic emergency medical technicians: A JCS-ReSS study report

Background Emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) are specially trained prehospital medical providers believed to provide better care than basic emergency medical technicians (BEMTs). ELSTs are certified to perform techniques such as administration of advanced airways or adrenaline and are considered to have more knowledge; nevertheless, ELSTs’ effectiveness over BEMTs regarding out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We investigated whether the presence of an ELST improves OHCA patient outcomes. Methods In a retrospective study of adult OHCA patients treated in Japan from 2011 to 2015, we compared two OHCA patient groups: patients transported with at least one ELST and patients transported by only BEMTs. The primary outcome measure was one-month favorable neurological outcomes, defined as Cerebral Performance Category ≤ 2. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the effect of ELSTs. Results Included were 552,337 OHCA patients, with 538,222 patients in the ELST group and 14,115 in the BEMT group. The ELST group had a significantly higher odds of favorable neurological outcomes (2.5% vs. 2.1%, adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.17–1.66), one-month survival (4.9% vs. 4.1%, adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.22–1.54), and return of spontaneous circulation (8.1% vs. 5.1%, adjusted OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.72–2.11) compared with the BEMT group. However, ELSTs’ limited procedure range (adrenaline administration or advanced airway management) did not promote favorable neurological outcomes. Conclusions Compared with the BEMT group, transport by the ELST group was associated with better neurological outcomes in OHCA

Orchid Fleck Virus, the Causal Agent of a Yellowish Fleck Mosaic Disease of Calanthe

Orchid fleck virus(OFV) was isolated from Calanthe spp.(Cal. discolor,Cal. Bicolor,Cal. Hizen,Cal. triplicata,Cal longicalcarata,Cal Satusma) showing light-green and/or yellowish fleck mosaic on the leaves, which different from previously known viruses of Calanthe. OFV caused systemic infection in Calanthe, Chenopodium quinoa and Beta vulgasis var. cicla, and local infection in C.amaranticolor, C. murale, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia expansa, Nicotiana tabacum, N. clevelandii, N. glutinasa, N. rustica, Vigna unguiculata. C quinoa and T expansa are useful as indecator hosts and as a source of virus for inoculation, diagnosis and purification. Sap from C. quinoa was infective after dilution to 10-3 but not 10-4, after 10 min at 45 but not 50℃, and after 1 hr at 20℃ but not 2 hrs. For sap inoculation, it is best to use the homogenate of OFV-onfected leaves within about 7-8 min after homogenization in summer and within about 15 min in winter. The virus particles were bullet-shape or bacilliform, approximately 45-50×105-125 nm in a negatively stained praparations. In ultrathin sections, the viroplasms were observed in the nuclei, and the virus particles and the chracteristic spokewheel structures were found both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Antiserum (precipitin tiner:1/512) against the present virus reacted strongly with the isolates of OFV-Cy-50, similar to that of homologous virus. In agar gel diffusion tests, no spur formation occurred among Cal. 94-16 and OFV-Cy-50. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, one major band of Mr 55,000, probably viral nucleocapsid-protein, and three minor proteins were detected, similar to those of OFV･So from Cymbidium.1988年以来、山口・宮崎・鹿児島県で発生が認められたエビネ類（エビネ、タカネ、ヒゼン、サツマ、ツルラン、オナガエビネ）の葉に淡緑色～黄色斑紋のモザイク病の病原ウイルスを調べたところ、orchid fleck virusと同定された。本ウイルスは11科46種（54品種）の植物に汁液接種を行ったところ、エビネに感染して原株と同様の病班を生じたほか、C.quinoa,フダンソウに全身感染し、C.murale,ホウレンソウ、ツルナ、ササゲ、タバコ、N.clevelandii,N.glutinosa,N.rusticaの5科12種の植物に局部感染が認められた。本ウイルスの粒子はDN法試料で被膜のない弾丸型であり、またときに短桿菌型も存在したが、その大きさは長さが約105～125nm、幅約45～50nmであった。病葉の粗汁液を用いた希釈限度は10-3～10-4、不活性化温度は45～50℃、保存限度は1～2時間であった。ウイルスの汁液接種には、接種源植物としてC.quinoa またはツルナがよく、病葉磨砕後夏期では7分以内、冬期では15分以内の病汁液を供試すると接種検定によい結果が得られることが認められた。純化ウイルスを家兎に注射して、微滴法で力値512倍の抗血清が得られた。本抗血清はCymbidium から分離されたOFV・Cy-50とよく反応し、寒天ゲル内二重拡散法では Cal.94-16およびOFV・Cy-50の沈降帯が完全に融合した。ウイルスの構造蛋白質の分子量は約55Kであった。病細胞の超薄切片の電顕観察像には、閣内にviroplasmが認められ、その内部や周辺に層状に集塊あるいは散在した粒子が認められた。さらに核内や細胞質内に膜に包まれた車輪状の粒子集塊も見られた。OFVによる本病をエビネ類黄色斑紋モザイク病とした

Structure and Ionic Diffusion in Molten NaI, RbI, and NaI-RbI mixture

Static structure factors of molten NaI, RbI, and their mixture of (RbI)0.3(NaI)0.7 are measured up to high-Q region by using the high-energy Xray diffraction technique. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out, and the simulation results well reproduce the diffraction data. The partial structure factors, partial pair distribution functions, and ionic diffusion coefficients calculated by the MD simulations are reported in detail. The mixing effects of cations on the structure and ionic diffusion are also discussed

Prehospital predicting factors using a decision tree model for patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and an initial shockable rhythm

The effect of prehospital factors on favorable neurological outcomes remains unclear in patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a shockable rhythm. We developed a decision tree model for these patients by using prehospital factors. Using a nationwide OHCA registry database between 2005 and 2020, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 1,930,273 patients, of whom 86,495 with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm were included. The primary endpoint was defined as favorable neurological survival (cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 at 1 month). A decision tree model was developed from randomly selected 77,845 patients (development cohort) and validated in 8650 patients (validation cohort). In the development cohort, the presence of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation was the best predictor of favorable neurological survival, followed by the absence of adrenaline administration and age. The patients were categorized into 9 groups with probabilities of favorable neurological survival ranging from 5.7 to 70.8% (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.851 and 0.844 in the development and validation cohorts, respectively). Our model is potentially helpful in stratifying the probability of favorable neurological survival in patients with witnessed OHCA and an initial shockable rhythm.Tateishi K., Saito Y., Yasufuku Y., et al. Prehospital predicting factors using a decision tree model for patients with witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and an initial shockable rhythm. Scientific Reports 13, 16180 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43106-w

Some Properties of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Isolated from Calanthe spp.

Cymbidium mosaic virus(CyMV) was isolated from Calanthe spp. showing mosaic on the leaves, collected in Yamaguchi and Kyoto Prefectures in 1986～1993. CyMV, Cal. 90-1 isolate was transmitted by sapinoculation to 12 out of 37 species in 7 out of 9 families. Sap from diseaded Tetragonia expansa was infective to Chenopodium amaranticolor after dilution to 10-5 but not 10-6, after heating at 65℃ for 10 min but not 70℃, and after 1 month at 20℃ but not 2 months. The virus particles were flexuous rod, about 475 nm long. The virus was purified from diseased T. expansa leaves and contained a single protein species of Mr27,800. The Mr of the capsid proteins(Cal. 90-1) was similar to those of two ohter CyMV isolates(Cal. 90-4, Cal. 93-14).Cal. 90-1 and Cal. 93-14 reacted with antiserum to the Cymbidium isolate (Cy-16), suggesting that Cal. 90-1 was serologically very similar to the other two CyMV isolates. Two species of dsRNA were isolated from plants infected with Cal-1 and they were similar to those of two other CyMv isolates.1986年、1990年および1993年に採集したモザイクを示すエビネからcymbidium mosaic virus（CyMV）を検出して同定し、諸性質を調べた。本ウイルスは汁液接種により供試した9科37種のうち、エビネとゴマに全身感染し、ツルナなど6科11種に局部感染した。しかし、分離株によってキュウリやセンニチコウの接種葉に感染するものと感染しないものがあった。ツルナ病葉粗汁液中での安定性は耐熱性65～70℃、耐希釈性10-5～10-6、耐保存性1～2ヶ月であった。DN法試料の電顕観察では長さ約475nmのウイルス粒子が観察された。ウイルス外被タンパク質の分子量は約27,800であり、既報のCyMVの値とほぼ同じであった。ツルナ感染葉中の感染に特異的な二本鎖RNAの電気泳動ではreplicative form と思われる4.43×106と3.84×106のバンドが認められた。エビネから分離されたCyMV分離株は直接二重酵素結合抗体法（DAS－ELISA）で、Cy－16分離株の抗血清とよく反応するものが多かったが、反応が弱く、抗原性に若干の違いがあるものが存在した