Relativistic Corrections to e+e−→J/ψ+ηce^+e^- \to J/\psi + \eta_c in a Potential Model

We compute relativistic corrections to the process $e^+e^- \to J/\psi + \eta_c$ and find that they resolve the discrepancy between theory and experiment.Comment: 3 pages, talk given at Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII, Ponta Delgada, Azores, 2--7 Sept, 200

A method for computing the overall statistical significance of a treatment effect among a group of genes

BACKGROUND: In studies that use DNA arrays to assess changes in gene expression, our goal is to evaluate the statistical significance of treatments on sets of genes. Genes can be grouped by a molecular function, a biological process, or a cellular component, e.g., gene ontology (GO) terms. The meaning of an affected GO group is often clearer than interpretations arising from a list of the statistically significant genes. RESULTS: Computer simulations demonstrated that correlations among genes invalidate many statistical methods that are commonly used to assign significance to GO terms. Ignoring these correlations overstates the statistical significance. Meta-analysis methods for combining p-values were modified to adjust for correlation. One of these methods is elaborated in the context of a comparison between two treatments. The form of the correlation adjustment depends upon the alternative hypothesis. CONCLUSION: Reliable corrections for the effect of correlations among genes on the significance level of a GO term can be constructed for an alternative hypothesis where all transcripts in the GO term increase (decrease) in response to treatment. For general alternatives, which allow some transcripts to increase and others to decrease, the bias of naïve significance calculations can be greatly decreased although not eliminated

Ethical and Methodological Issues Resulting from Recording Lapses in Qualitative Research

Technological difficulties, such as recording lapses and dropped calls, during interviews for qualitative research lead to important ethical and methodological considerations. Using case examples from our own experiences with recording lapses, we walk through some of the questions to consider, including relational ethics and how changes in the data affect the validity of our findings. We argue that how ethical and methodological issues raised by recording lapses are to be handled largely depends on the paradigm in which each study is situated, ranging from postpositivist to constructivist to critical theory. However, we recommend that: (a) participants should be informed about the lost data and play a part in the decision on how to move forward, (b) decisions made due to technological difficulties should be discussed in the findings, and (c) researchers should take precautionary measures to avoid technological difficulties

Inclusive Production of Four Charm Hadrons in e^+ e^- Annihilation at B Factories

Measurements by the Belle Collaboration of the exclusive production of two charmonia in e^+ e^- annihilation differ substantially from theoretical predictions. Till now, no conclusive explanation for this remarkable discrepancy has been provided. Even the origin of the discrepancy is not identified, yet. We suggest that the measurement of four-charm events in Belle data must provide a strong constraint in identifying the origin of this large discrepancy. Our prediction of the cross section for e^+e^- -> c c-bar c c-bar, in lowest order in strong coupling constant, at sqrt{s}=10.6 GeV is about 0.1 pb. If measured four-charm cross section is compatible with the prediction based on perturbative QCD, it is very likely that factorization of hadronization process from perturbative part may be significantly violated or there exists a new production mechanism. If the cross section for the four-charm event is also larger than the prediction like that for the exclusive J/psi+eta_c production, perturbative QCD expansion itself will be proved to be unreliable and loses predictive power.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. D as a Rapid Communicatio

Detection of Pedestrian Turning Motions to Enhance Indoor Map Matching Performance

A pedestrian navigation system (PNS) in indoor environments, where global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal access is difficult, is necessary, particularly for search and rescue (SAR) operations in large buildings. This paper focuses on studying pedestrian walking behaviors to enhance the performance of indoor pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and map matching techniques. Specifically, our research aims to detect pedestrian turning motions using smartphone inertial measurement unit (IMU) information in a given PDR trajectory. To improve existing methods, including the threshold-based turn detection method, hidden Markov model (HMM)-based turn detection method, and pruned exact linear time (PELT) algorithm-based turn detection method, we propose enhanced algorithms that better detect pedestrian turning motions. During field tests, using the threshold-based method, we observed a missed detection rate of 20.35% and a false alarm rate of 7.65%. The PELT-based method achieved a significant improvement with a missed detection rate of 8.93% and a false alarm rate of 6.97%. However, the best results were obtained using the HMM-based method, which demonstrated a missed detection rate of 5.14% and a false alarm rate of 2.00%. In summary, our research contributes to the development of a more accurate and reliable pedestrian navigation system by leveraging smartphone IMU data and advanced algorithms for turn detection in indoor environments.Comment: Submitted to ICTC 202