Open radical prostatectomy reproducing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Involving antegrade nerve sparing and continuous anastomosis

<div><p>ABSTRACT Purpose: To present modified RRP using the same method as RALP and compare its surgical outcomes with RALP. Materials and Methods: Demographics, perioperative and functional outcomes of the 322 patients that underwent RRP (N=99) or RALP (N=223) at our institution from January 2011 through June 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Postoperative incontinence and erectile dysfunction are involved functional outcomes. During the modified procedure, the bladder neck was dissected first as for RALP. After dissection of vas deference and seminal vesicle, the prostate was dissected in an antegrade fashion with bilateral nerve saving. Finally, the urethra was cut at the prostate apex. After a Rocco suture was applied, and then urethrovesical anastomosis was performed with continuous suture as for RALP. Results: Perioperative characteristics and complication rates were similar in the RRP and RALP groups except for mean estimated blood loss (p<0.001) and operative time (p<0.001). Incontinence rates at 3 and 12 months after RRP decreased from 67.6% to 10.1 and after RALP decreased from 53.4% to 5.4%. Positive surgical margin rates were non-significantly different in the RRP and RALP groups (30.3% and 37.2%, respectively). Overall postoperative potency rate at 12 months was not significant different in RRP and RALP groups (34.3% and 43.0%). Conclusions: RRP reproducing RALP was found to have surgical outcomes comparable to RALP. This technique might be adopted by experienced urologic surgeons as a standard procedure.</p></div

Baseline characteristics of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.

<p>Baseline characteristics of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.</p

Time to progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer according to <i>C16orf74</i> mRNA expression levels.

<p>Time to progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer according to <i>C16orf74</i> mRNA expression levels.</p

Multivariate Cox regression analysis for prediction of progression in NMIBC and in NMIBC with intravesical therapy.

<p>Tx.: Therapy, Pt.: patients, HR: hazards ratio, CI: confidence interval.</p

Biomimetic Porous PLGA Scaffolds Incorporating Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Kidney Tissue Regeneration

Chronic kidney disease is now recognized as a major health problem, but current therapies including dialysis and renal replacement have many limitations. Consequently, biodegradable scaffolds to help repairing injured tissue are emerging as a promising approach in the field of kidney tissue engineering. Poly­(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a useful biomedical material, but its insufficient biocompatibility caused a reduction in cell behavior and function. In this work, we developed the kidney-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporated PLGA scaffolds as a cell supporting material for kidney tissue regeneration. Biomimetic PLGA scaffolds (PLGA/ECM) with different ECM concentrations were prepared by an ice particle leaching method, and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were characterized through various analyses. The proliferation of renal cortical epithelial cells on the PLGA/ECM scaffolds increased with an increase in ECM concentrations (0.2, 1, 5, and 10%) in scaffolds. The PLGA scaffold containing 10% of ECM has been shown to be an effective matrix for the repair and reconstitution of glomerulus and blood vessels in partially nephrectomized mice in vivo, compared with only PLGA control. These results suggest that not only can the tissue-engineering techniques be an effective alternative method for treatment of kidney diseases, but also the ECM incorporated PLGA scaffolds could be promising materials for biomedical applications including tissue engineered scaffolds and biodegradable implants

Comparison of studies using sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma from Korea and other nations, including Japan, China, and Western countries.

<p>OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; NE, not evaluated.</p><p>Comparison of studies using sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma from Korea and other nations, including Japan, China, and Western countries.</p

Baseline characteristics (N = 177).

<p>MSKCC, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis.</p><p>Baseline characteristics (N = 177).</p

Progression-free (PFS) and overall survivals (OS) for (A, C) all 177 patients and (B, D) 116 patients treated with first-line sorafenib, respectively.

<p>CI, confidence interval.</p

Description of ≥ graded 3 adverse events during sorafenib treatment (N,%) (See also S1 Table, for more details).

<p>ANC, absolute neutrophil count; AGC, absolute granulocyte count; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase.</p><p>Description of ≥ graded 3 adverse events during sorafenib treatment (N,%) (See also <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135165#pone.0135165.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>, for more details).</p

Therapeutic responses to sorafenib according to the treatment line.

<p>NR, not reached yet.</p><p>Therapeutic responses to sorafenib according to the treatment line.</p