Reliability and validity of a Korean version of the children’s eating behavior questionnaire in anorexia context

BackgroundAlthough childhood anorexia is a common clinical disorder, there is no established tool for evaluating it. The Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a parent-reported measure designed to assess the eating behavior of children. We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the CEBQ (K-CEBQ) for children with anorexia.MethodsParents of children with anorexia aged between 2 and 9 years participated in a survey conducted twice at 1-month intervals. The general characteristics and K-CEBQ scores of the children were recorded. To assess the reliability of the K-CEBQ, the internal consistency and test–retest methods were used. Furthermore, correlation analysis was performed for each item and factor, and the discriminant validity was determined through comparison with the normal group. Optimal cut-off scores, which are based on the maximum area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve, were calculated in two categories.ResultsA total of 336 participants responded to the first survey, and the responses from 171 participants from the second survey were included in the analysis. The K-CEBQ showed relatively high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.738), and the retest demonstrated sufficient temporal stability. The relationship between each item of the K-CEBQ and the factor to which the item belongs showed a high correlation. There were significant differences between the anorexia and normal groups in two categories of the K-CEBQ: ‘food approach’ (p = 0.0063) and ‘food avoidant’ (p < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off values for the ‘food approach’ and ‘food avoidant’ category scores were 39.50 and 58.50 points, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the K-CEBQ may be a reliable and valid tool for assessing the eating behavior of children with anorexia

The etiology and mortality of altered level of consciousness in the emergency room: before and after coronavirus disease

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in social, economic, medical, and psychological changes. New-onset altered level of consciousness (ALC) is a classical presentation in real-world medicine. This study investigated changes in ALC in the emergency room (ER) in the periods before (BC) and after (AC) COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients with ALCs who visited the ER of a tertiary referral center, and their medical records BC and AC were compared. A consortium allocated and analyzed the etiologies of ALC in a case-by-case discussion. The time point for etiological assessment was the time of discharge from the ER. Results In total, 1,936 patients with ALCs (731 and 1,205 in BC and AC, respectively) were investigated. The most common etiology was systemic infection (25.9%), followed by metabolic causes (20.8%). Systemic infections (22.9% vs. 30.8%, P<0.001) and stroke (14.6% vs. 18.2%, P=0.037) were lower in AC than in BC, respectively, whereas rates of toxicity (15.4% vs. 6.0%, P<0.001) and traumatic brain injury (TBI; 5.9% vs. 0.8%, P<0.001) were higher in AC than in BC. The overall mortality rate of ALC in the ER was 18.5%, which was higher in AC (20.9%) than in BC (14.6%) (P=0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the major etiologies of ALC in the ER were extra-cranial (58.5%). The mortality of ALC in the ER and the incidence of toxic cause and TBI increased in AC, suggesting a change in medical circumstances after the Pandemic

A high speed current dq PI controller for PMSM drive

Rješenje PI regulatora struje dq utemeljeno na Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) predlaže se u ovom istraživanju, a obično se provodi na računalu s procesorom digitalnog signala (DSP). Glavni problem kod DSP temeljenog rješenja je vrijeme izvršenja, koje je obično u rasponu od mikrosekundi, kao i dostizanju njegovih fizičkih granica. Stoga, dovršavanje izvršenja unutar nanosekundi postaje veliki izazov za sve istraživača, što može biti učinjeno smanjenjem ciklusa sata. Uvođenje ukupnog kontrolnog algoritma u FPGA sigurno će dramatično smanjiti vrijeme izvršenja kao zalog za postojanost motora. Rezultat pokazuje da predložena FPGA izvedba treba samo 68 ns korištenog vremena za operativnu frekvenciju od 30 MHz i točnost od 99,9 %, što je najniži računalni ciklus ovoga doba.A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based solution of current dq PI controller is proposed in this research, which is usually implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) based computer. The main problem in DSP based solution is the execution time, which is usually in microseconds range as well as reaching its physical limits. Therefore, completing the execution within nanoseconds becomes a major challenge to all researchers, which can be done by reducing the clock cycles. Implementing the overall controlling algorithm into FPGA will certainly reduce the execution time dramatically to pledge the steadiness of the motor. The result shows that the proposed FPGA performance requires only 68 ns of execution time for operating frequency of 30 MHz and accuracy of 99,9 %, which is the lowest computational cycle for the era

Effect of Total Leaf Numbers on the Growth and Fruit Quality in Muskmelon Plants Showing Leaf Yellowing Symptoms

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of total leaf numbers on the growth, net formation of fruits, and occurrence of leaf yellowing symptoms (LYS) in muskmelon plants. The growth and development of LYS on muskmelon plants having 25, 30, and 35 fully expanded leaves on the vine were compared to those of the control plant having 20 leaves. Plant height, leaf area, root fresh weight, and root dry weight increased as the number of leaves increased. Plants with 35 leaves showed the greatest plant growth. Net photosynthetic rate was positively related to increasing leaf numbers with plants having over 25 leaves showing the greatest photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll content and root activity among treatments with different leaf numbers. The ratio of LYS infection was also greater in plants having 25-30 leaves, than in those having leaf numbers. Plants with different leaf numbers and LYS infection showed a variation in fruit quality, although LYS did not significantly affect fruit quality except net index. The plants having 20 leaves that showed LYS developed fruits that had significantly smaller flesh (mesocarp) thickness than, the plants having greater numbers of leaves. The higher sugar contents of fruits were found in the plants having 35 leaves whether they showed LYS (12.1°Bx) or not (12.5°Bx). Therefore, leaving more than 25 healthy leaves per plant was recommended for minimizing damage from LYS.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2015-01/104/0000027607/11ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:(이희주)effect_of_total_leaf_numbers_on_the_growth_and_fruit_quality_in_muskmelon_plants_showing_leaf_yell··.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부CONFIRM:

Atomic arrangement of van der Waals heterostructures using X-ray scattering and crystal truncation rod analysis

Vanadium diselenide (VSe2) has intriguing physical properties such as unexpected ferromagnetism at the two-dimensional limit. However, the experimental results for room temperature ferromagnetism are still controversial and depend on the detailed crystal structure and stoichiometry. Here we introduce crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis to investigate the atomic arrangement of bilayer VSe2 and bilayer graphene (BLG) hetero-structures grown on a 6H-SiC(0001) substrate. Using non-destructive CTR analysis, we were able to obtain electron density profiles and detailed crystal structure of the VSe2/BLG heterostructures. Specifically, the out-of-plane lattice parameters of each VSe2 layer were modulated by the interface compared to that of the bulk VSe2 1T phase. The atomic arrangement of the VSe2/BLG heterostructure provides deeper understanding and insight for elucidating the magnetic properties of the van der Waals heterostructure.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Electrical conductivity enhancement of epitaxially grown TiN thin films

Titanium nitride (TiN) presents superior electrical conductivity with mechanical and chemical stability and compatibility with the semiconductor fabrication process. Here, we fabricated epitaxial and polycrystalline TiN (111) thin films on MgO (111), sapphire (001), and mica substrates at 640oC and room temperature by using a DC sputtering, respectively. The epitaxial films show less amount of surface oxidation than the polycrystalline ones grown at room temperature. The epitaxial films show drastically reduced resistivity (~30 micro-ohm-cm), much smaller than the polycrystalline films. Temperature-dependent resistivity measurements show a nearly monotonic temperature slope down to low temperature. These results demonstrate that high temperature growth of TiN thin films leads to significant enhancement of electrical conductivity, promising for durable and scalable electrode applications.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

Evolution of digitally controlled oscillator

Suvremeni razvoj uporabe digitalnih ili potpuno digitalnih ciklusa s faznim podešavanjem (PLLs) u različitim uređajima za komunikaciju vodi ka primjeni digitalno kontroliranog oscilatora (DCO). U ovom se preglednom članku daje razvoj DCO-a u modernim elektroničkim uređajima kao i njihovo funkcioniranje u lokalnim oscilatorima. Iako se implementacija DCO preferira u odnosu na analogne, i dalje se radi na poboljšanjima u potrošnji energije, brzini, veličini čipa, raspona frekvencije, ulaznog napona, prenosivosti i rezolucije. U radu se uglavnom opisuje razvoj od oscilatora kontroliranih voltažom (voltage controlled oscillators- VCO) do digitalno kontroliranih oscilatora za "deep-submicrometer CMOS" postupak. Fokus je na analizi i praćenju unapređenja DCO-a na razini funkcionalnosti.Current trend of using digital or all-digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) in various communication devices introduces the usage of digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). This review paper discusses the evolution of DCOs in modern electronic devices as well as their performances in local oscillators. Even though the DCO implementation is preferable to its analog counterpart, improvements are still going on to get high performances in terms of power consumption, speed, chip area, frequency range, supply voltage, portability and resolution. This paper mainly describes the evolution of DCO, how it turns from a conventional VCO to DCO for deep-submicrometer CMOS process. The focus is to analyse and track the advances in DCO base on its performance level

Comparison between a reanalyzed product by 3-dimensional variational assimilation technique and observations in the Ulleung Basin of the East/Japan Sea

Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Marine Systems 78 (2009): 249-264, doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2009.02.017.Reanalyzed products from a MOM3-based East Sea Regional Ocean Model with a 3- dimentional variational data assimilation module (DA-ESROM), have been compared with the observed hydrographic and current datasets in the Ulleung Basin (UB) of the East/Japan Sea (EJS). Satellite-borne sea surface temperature and sea surface height data, and in-situ temperature profiles have been assimilated into the DA-ESROM. The performance of the DA-ESROM appears to be efficient enough to be used in an operational ocean forecast system. Comparing with the results from Mitchell et al. (2005a), the DA-ESROM fairly well simulates the high variability of the Ulleung Warm Eddy and Dok Cold Eddy as well as the branching of the Tsushima Warm Current in the UB. The overall root-mean-square error between 100m temperature field reproduced by the DA-ESROM and the observed 100-dbar temperature field is 2.1°C, and the spatially averaged grid-to-grid correlation between the two temperature fields is high with a mean value of 0.79 for the intercomparison period. The DA-ESROM reproduces the development of strong southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) in summer consistent with the observational results, which is thought to be an improvement of the previous numerical models in the EJS. The reanalyzed products show that the NKCC is about 35 km wide, and flows southward along the Korean coast from spring to summer with maximum monthly mean volume transport of about 0.8 Sv in August-September.The major part of this works was conducted with financial support by Agency for Defense Development under the contract UD031003AD. The first and seventh authors were supported at the final stage of this work by KORDI’s research projects (PE9830Q and PG47100). The second author was supported by EAST-I Program of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries

Evolution of digitally controlled oscillator

Suvremeni razvoj uporabe digitalnih ili potpuno digitalnih ciklusa s faznim podešavanjem (PLLs) u različitim uređajima za komunikaciju vodi ka primjeni digitalno kontroliranog oscilatora (DCO). U ovom se preglednom članku daje razvoj DCO-a u modernim elektroničkim uređajima kao i njihovo funkcioniranje u lokalnim oscilatorima. Iako se implementacija DCO preferira u odnosu na analogne, i dalje se radi na poboljšanjima u potrošnji energije, brzini, veličini čipa, raspona frekvencije, ulaznog napona, prenosivosti i rezolucije. U radu se uglavnom opisuje razvoj od oscilatora kontroliranih voltažom (voltage controlled oscillators- VCO) do digitalno kontroliranih oscilatora za "deep-submicrometer CMOS" postupak. Fokus je na analizi i praćenju unapređenja DCO-a na razini funkcionalnosti.Current trend of using digital or all-digital phase-locked loops (PLLs) in various communication devices introduces the usage of digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). This review paper discusses the evolution of DCOs in modern electronic devices as well as their performances in local oscillators. Even though the DCO implementation is preferable to its analog counterpart, improvements are still going on to get high performances in terms of power consumption, speed, chip area, frequency range, supply voltage, portability and resolution. This paper mainly describes the evolution of DCO, how it turns from a conventional VCO to DCO for deep-submicrometer CMOS process. The focus is to analyse and track the advances in DCO base on its performance level