Translational and Librational Lattice Frequencies in 6-N,N-Diacetylaminochrysene and 2,4-Dinitrobenzoic Acid Crystals

The root-mean-square libration amplitude derived from non-rigid-body thermal motion analysis of 6-N,N-diacetylaminochryseneand 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid predicts torsional frequencies in satisfactory agreement with the Raman spectra. Translational and librational lattice frequencies of the whole molecules derived from the L and T components are generally consistent with the spectroscopic results

Analysis of the H-bridge in Carboxyllic Acids in Terms of Stabilization Energy Derived from Bond Lengths. Non-Hammett Properties of p-Substituted Benzoic Acids in the Crystalline State

Harmonic oscillator stabilization energy (HOSE) is defined as the negative value of deformation energy necessary to transform a molecule from its natural geometry to its Kekule structure with purely single and double bonds. It was found that HOSE-values for dimers of carboxylic acids with centrosymmetric hydrogen bonds are well related (correlation coeff. r = 0.972) to the Ro . . . o distances for 19 species for which measurements were carried out in both the crystalline and gaseous states. Stability of many other Jt- systems, e. g. aromatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, polymethine systems (e.g. cyanine dyes), EDA-complexes, quinoid systems, etc. are successfully described in terms of HOSE-values

Infrared and Raman Studies of Carbonyl Group Frequencies of p-Substituted Benzoic Acids in the Crystalline State

Infrared and Raman carbonyl stretching frequencies for p - substituted benzoic acids in the crystalline state were measured and discussed in terms of the Hammett equation and hydrogen · bond strength

Infrared and Raman Studies of Carbonyl Group Frequencies of p-Substituted Benzoic Acids in the Crystalline State

Infrared and Raman carbonyl stretching frequencies for p - substituted benzoic acids in the crystalline state were measured and discussed in terms of the Hammett equation and hydrogen · bond strength

Optimal site and antenna location for UMTS – output results of 3G network simulation software, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2003, nr 1

The paper presents output results of 3G network simulation software in the area of optimal site location as well as finding optimal values of antenna tilt. The loss of capacity is shown for a wide range of tilts and different antenna directions. Nonuniform distribution of base stations has been also included in the simulation scenarios influencing system performance. All of the described parameters are especially significant to CDMA systems network planning

The gyrotron startup scenario in the single mode time dependent approach

The paper explains how to solve the Gyrotron equation system in the Single Mode Time Dependent Approach. In particular, we point out problems encountered when solving these well-known equations. The starting current estimation approach a using time model is suggested. The solution has been implemented in the Matlab code, which is attached to the article

Crystallographic Studies and Physico-Chemical Properties of n-Electron Compounds. Part II. Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2,4-Dinitrobenzoic Acid (DNBA)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies from 1043 reflections. The crystals are monoclinic with a = 6.2150(7)A b = 14.393(2) A, and c = 9.487(1)A, fJ = 97.175(9)°,space group Pž-f c, and Z = 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by fullmatrix least-squares to a final R = 0.050. The molecule are paired by hydrogen bonding between the carboxy-groups (O-H ... O 2.656(3)A), the two halves of the dimer being related by a centre of symmetry. It was found that the planes of the two carboxy-groups in the dimer are separated by a distance 0.113A. The significant difference between (leooHvalues for para substituted benzoic acids with a-electron withdrawing and -releasing substituents, 1.4(1)°,was found. The Lippincott-Schroeder model-" was applied to describe the properties of the H-bridge in DNBA and six other, accurately determined, crystal structures of para-substituted benzoic acids. The amplitudes of internal motion of the substituents are estimated in terms of the Dunitz and White model

Coupling of Dual Channel Waveform ALS and Sonar for Investigation of Lake Bottoms and Shore Zones

In this work, we proposed to include remote sensing techniques as a part of the methodology for natural lake bottom mapping, with a focus on the littoral zone. Due to the inaccessibility of this zone caused by dense vegetation, measurements of the lake bottom and the coastline are also difficult to perform using traditional methods. The authors of this paper present, discuss and verify the applicability of remote sensing active sensors as a tool for measurements in the shore zone of a lake. The single-beam Lowrance HDS-7 ComboGPS echosounder with an 83/200 kHz transducer and a two-beam LiDAR RIEGL VQ-1560i-DW scanner have been used for reservoir bottom measurements of two neighboring lakes, which differ in terms of water transparency. The research has found a strong correlation between both sonar and LiDAR for mapping the bottom depth in a range up to 1.6 m, and allowed LiDAR mapping of approximately 20% of the highly transparent lake, but it has not been found to be useful in water with low transparency. In the light of the conducted research, both devices, sonar and LiDAR, have potential for complementary use by fusing both methods: the sonar for mapping of the sublittoral and the pelagic zone, and the LiDAR for mapping of the littoral zone, overcoming limitation related to vegetation in the lake shore zone