Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study

Abstract Background Few digitizers can measure the complexity of upright human postural displacements in six degrees of freedom of the head, rib cage, and pelvis. Methods In a University laboratory, three examiners performed delayed repeated postural measurements on forty subjects over two days. Three digital photographs (left lateral, AP, right lateral) of each of 40 volunteer participants were obtained, twice, by three examiners. Examiners placed 13 markers on the subjects before photography and chose 16 points on the photographic images. Using the PosturePrint® internet computer system, head, rib cage, and pelvic postures were calculated as rotations (Rx, Ry, Rz) in degrees and translations (Tx, Tz) in millimeters. For reliability, two different types (liberal = ICC3,1 & conservative = ICC2,1) of inter- and intra-examiner correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Standard error of measurements (SEM) and mean absolute differences within and between observers' measurements were also determined. Results All of the "liberal" ICCs were in the excellent range (> 0.84). For the more "conservative" type ICCs, four Inter-examiner ICCs were in the interval (0.5–0.6), 10 ICCs were in the interval (0.61–0.74), and the remainder were greater than 0.75. SEMs were 2.7° or less for all rotations and 5.9 mm or less for all translations. Mean absolute differences within examiners and between examiners were 3.5° or less for all rotations and 8.4 mm or less for all translations. Conclusion For the PosturePrint® system, the combined inter-examiner and intra-examiner correlation coefficients were in the good (14/44) and excellent (30/44) ranges. SEMs and mean absolute differences within and between examiners' measurements were small. Thus, this posture digitizer is reliable for clinical use

Development of a Chemistry-Based, Predictive Method for Determining the Amount of Non-Pertechnetate Technetium in the Hanford Tanks: FY 2012 Progress Report

This report describes investigations directed toward understanding the extent of the presence of highly alkaline soluble, non-pertechnetate technetium (n-Tc) in the Hanford Tank supernatants. The goals of this report are to: a) present a review of the available literature relevant to the speciation of technetium in the Hanford tank supernatants, b) attempt to establish a chemically logical correlation between available Hanford tank measurements and the presence of supernatant soluble n-Tc, c) use existing measurement data to estimate the amount of n-Tc in the Hanford tank supernatants, and d) report on any likely, process-friendly methods to eventually sequester soluble n-Tc from Hanford tank supernatants

Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study"</p><p>http://www.chiroandosteo.com/content/15/1/15</p><p>Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007;15():15-15.</p><p>Published online 24 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2077332.</p><p></p>tcomputer program, and used the computer mouse to click-on/identify 16 more anatomical points. The computer program calculated postural displacements using these markers. Illustrated here are the markers easily visualized in the lateral view. (Reprinted with permission from Biotonix, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study"</p><p>http://www.chiroandosteo.com/content/15/1/15</p><p>Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007;15():15-15.</p><p>Published online 24 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2077332.</p><p></p>positive to the anterior, postures of the head, rib cage, and pelvis can be described as translations (Tx, Ty, Tz) along these axes. Vertical translations (Ty), which would require radiographic analysis of hypo- or hyper-lordosis, were not calculated in the present study

Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study"</p><p>http://www.chiroandosteo.com/content/15/1/15</p><p>Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007;15():15-15.</p><p>Published online 24 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2077332.</p><p></p>positive to the anterior, postures of the head, rib cage, and pelvis can be described as rotations (Rx, Ry, Rz) around these axes

Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study"</p><p>http://www.chiroandosteo.com/content/15/1/15</p><p>Chiropractic & Osteopathy 2007;15():15-15.</p><p>Published online 24 Sep 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2077332.</p><p></p>tudy in a university laboratory

Development of a Chemistry-Based, Predictive Method for Determining the Amount of Non-Pertechnetate Technetium in the Hanford Tanks: FY 2012 Progress Report

This report describes investigations directed toward understanding the extent of the presence of highly alkaline soluble, non-pertechnetate technetium (n-Tc) in the Hanford Tank supernatants. The goals of this report are to: a) present a review of the available literature relevant to the speciation of technetium in the Hanford tank supernatants, b) attempt to establish a chemically logical correlation between available Hanford tank measurements and the presence of supernatant soluble n-Tc, c) use existing measurement data to estimate the amount of n-Tc in the Hanford tank supernatants, and d) report on any likely, process-friendly methods to eventually sequester soluble n-Tc from Hanford tank supernatants