THE DIFFERENCES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL KINETICS IN LOWER LIMB JOINTS OF SPRINTERS AND NOVICE RUNNERS DURING A START DASH

The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the three-dimensional joint moments of lower limbs between sprinters and novice runners. A total of 12 male sprinters and 11 healthy male college students participated in a start-dash experiment. At pushing the front starting block, in hip joint, extension moment of sprinters was significantly greater than that of novices. On the other hands, in ankle joint, not only the plantarflexion moments but also the inversion moment of sprinters was significantly greater than those of novices. Moreover, the peak value of the plantarflexion moment was positively correlated with that of the inversion moment. These results suggest that the greater ankle flexion-extension moment is achieved by coordinating with the greater inversion moments when attempting to increase acceleration ability

COMPARISON OF GOLF SWING PATTERNS IN SKILLED FEMALE GOLFERS AMONG THREE DIFFERENT CLUBS

The purpose of this study was to compare golf swing patterns using three different clubs among skilled golfers. Five right-handed female professional golfers used their own three clubs (driver, 5-iron, and 9-iron) to hit standard golf balls in our laboratory. 3D coordinates of body and club landmarks during the swing motions were recorded using a 3D motion capture system with operating at 250 Hz frame rates. As the results, the acceleration of club head in each club during downswing reached a maximum around about 0.08 s before impact during similar swing time, and the height of club head at the maximum acceleration showed about 55% of ratio for the body height despite differences of clubs. Skilled golfers therefore might feel as the similar patterns of golf swing even if they are swinging with different length clubs

THE ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF DRIVER SHOT IN FEMALE PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR GOLFERS

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of driver shot from the viewpoint of the energy conversion efficiency between club head and ball at impact. Six female professional golfers and six female amateur golfers participated in this study. All subjects were instructed to hit a straight ball with their usual swing. Each subject performed ten trials. Three dimensional coordinates of reflective markers attached on a body and club landmarks were obtained using the motion capture system operating at 250 Hz. High speed camera was used to measure the movement of the club head and ball. The energy conversion efficiency was significantly different between professional and amateur golfers (

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<症例>Leser-Trélat 徴候を呈した膵癌の1例

A case of 79-year-old man with pancreatic cancer associated with the sign of Leser-Trelat was presented. Abdominal CT scanning was performed and a pancreatic tail tumor involving the spleen and the greater omentum as well as ascitic retention were detected. Ba-enema study showed the stenosis of the sigmoid colon, suggesting the peritoneal disseminations . Absolute non-curative operation of side-to-side transverso-sigmoidostomy was performed for colonic stenosis, and biopsy of the disseminated omental tumor was performed, which was histologically diagnosed as well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma compatible with pancreatic cancer. The postoperative course was uneventful and at present the patient was followed at outpatient clinic. To our knowledge, this case is the first report with pancreatic cancer associated with the sign of Leser-Trélat in Japan.79歳の男性で Leser-Trélat 徴候を呈した膵癌の1例を報告する. 腹部不快感・腹痛にて当科を受診する. 腹部症状の発現より約2ヶ月前に前頸部・前胸部・背部を中心に老人性疣贅の多発に気付いていた. また, 同部に皮膚瘙痒症を伴っている. 本院入院後, 腹部 CT 等の精査により膵尾部癌と診断し, 開腹するもすでに癌性腹膜の状態にて姑息的 bypass 手術のみ施行した. 本症例は Leser-Trélat 徴候にもかかわらず, すでに進行癌であったが, 一般診療においては Leser-Trélat 徴候のような dermadrome にも十分注意を払い内臓悪性腫瘍の早期発見に努めることが重要と考えられた. また, 文献上本症例は Leser-Trélat 徴候を呈した膵癌の本邦第一例目である

Complementary and Synergistic Roles in Enzyme-Catalyzed Regioselective and Complete Hydrolytic Deprotection of <i>O</i>-Acetylated β-d-Glucopyranosides of <i>N</i>-Arylacetohydroxamic Acids

An efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of β-d-glucopyranosides of <i>N</i>-arylacetohydroxamic acids <b>3a</b>–<b>c</b> was achieved by the chemoselective <i>O</i>-deacetylation of <b>1a</b>–<b>c</b> under mild, neutral conditions, with no accompanying <i>N</i>-deacetylation. Lipase AS Amano from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> (LAS) and carboxylesterase from <i>Streptomyces rochei</i> (CSR) played complementary, synergistic roles in the <i>O</i>-deacetylation of <b>1a</b> and its partially <i>O</i>-deacetylated intermediates. An intramolecular <i>O</i>-acetyl migration, which proceeded simultaneously, also accelerated the overall reaction rate. Under weakly acidic conditions at pH 5.0, where the intramolecular <i>O</i>-acetyl migration is markedly slower, LAS, CSR, and porcine liver esterase (PLE) exhibited different regioselective <i>O</i>-deacetylation activities. LAS and PLE showed regioselective 3-<i>O</i>-deacetylation and 2-<i>O</i>-deacetylation activity, respectively, for <b>1a</b> and its tri-<i>O</i>-acetyl derivatives (<b>4</b>-<b>7</b>). CSR showed marked preferences for 3-<i>O</i>-deacetylation of 2,3,6-tri-<i>O</i>-acetyl intermediate <b>5</b> and 4-<i>O</i>-deacetylation of 2,4,6-tri-<i>O</i>-acetyl intermediate <b>6</b>. In contrast, CSR showed almost no <i>O</i>-deacetylation activity toward the other tri-<i>O</i>-acetyl intermediates <b>4</b> and <b>7</b>, which were efficiently <i>O</i>-deacetylated by LAS in a complementary manner. Using these enzyme-catalyzed regioselective <i>O</i>-deacetylation as well as chemical methods, we could synthesize all 14 partially <i>O</i>-acetylated intermediates (<b>4</b>–<b>17</b>) derived from <b>1a</b>