Age‐related changes in gait speeds and asymmetry during circular gait and straight‐line gait in older individuals aged 60–79 years

AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the age-related changes in gait speeds and asymmetry during circular and straight-line gaits among older adults aged 60-79 years. METHODS: The study included 391 community-dwelling older adults aged >60 years, who participated in the Nagahama cohort study. They were assigned to four age groups: 60-64 years (early 60s), 65-69 years (late 60s), 70-74 years (early 70s) and 75-79 years (late 70s). For the circular gait test, the time required to walk twice around a 1-m diameter circle for right and left rotations were measured. The average time of the two trials was measured as the circular gait time, and the side-to-side difference in the circular gait times was calculated as an asymmetry index. Walking speed, asymmetry of step length, and asymmetry of stance duration time during straight-line gait at comfortable and maximal walking pace were measured. RESULTS: Circular gait time in older women in the late 70s group was significantly slower than that in other age groups; however, no age-related change was observed in older men. Maximal gait speeds in the early and late 70s groups were significantly slower than those in the early 60s group. CONCLUSIONS: Age-related decline in circular gait speed was observed in older women aged ≥75 years, but not in older men. Maximal straight-line gait speed decreased significantly in both genders after the age of 70 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••-••

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-6

Ved from August to December 2006. The darkest color shows August and the lightest color shows December.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-0

Ved from August to December 2006. The darkest color shows August and the lightest color shows December.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-5

Gned, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. The corresponding nucleotide sequence of Aino virus strain JaNAr28 in the genus was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The percentage bootstrap values calculated from 1000 replications are indicated above the internal nodes. The scale represents the 10% nucleotide sequence divergence. The geographical origin and year of isolation of the strains are given in the parentheses.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-1

Ds point out the glial nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin stain. Bar = 0.5 mm<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-2

Asm of a neuron (an arrow) and nerve axons (arrow heads). Immunohistochemistry. Bar = 0.1 mm<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p

Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan-3

Rophages (an arrow). Immunohistochemistry. Bar = 0.1 mm<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane virus in southern Japan"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/4/20</p><p>BMC Veterinary Research 2008;4():20-20.</p><p>Published online 13 Jun 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2443122.</p><p></p