Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different\ud stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental\ud transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes\ud infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of\ud pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period,\ud respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 105 tripomastigotes. Clinical examination,\ud determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed\ud cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid,\ud blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented\ud severe infection and died in the 34th and 35th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were\ud recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6\ud aborted one fetus in the 140th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five\ud days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV,\ud body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were\ud observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues\ud from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and\ud placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes

Pathogenesis of reproductive failure induced by Trypanosoma vivax in experimentally infected pregnant ewes

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of experimental infection by Trypanosoma vivax in different stages of pregnancy, determining the pathogenesis of reproductive failure, and confirming transplacental transmission. We used 12 pregnant ewes distributed into four experimental groups: G1, was formed by three ewes infected with T. vivax in the first third of pregnancy (30 days); G2 comprised three infected ewes in the final third of pregnancy (100 days); G3 and G4 were composed of three non-infected ewes with the same gestational period, respectively. Each ewe of G1 and G2 was inoculated with 1.25 × 105 tripomastigotes. Clinical examination, determination of parasitemia, serum biochemistry (albumin, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, and urea), packed cell volume (PCV), serum progesterone, and pathological examination were performed. Placenta, amniotic fluid, blood and tissues from the fetuses and stillbirths were submitted to PCR. Two ewes of G1 (Ewe 1 and 3) presented severe infection and died in the 34th and 35th days post-infection (dpi), respectively; but both fetuses were recovered during necropsy. In G2, Ewe 5 aborted two fetuses on the 130th day (30 dpi) of pregnancy; and Ewe 6 aborted one fetus in the 140th day (40 dpi) of gestation. Ewes 2 and 4 delivered two weak lambs that died five days after birth. Factors possibly involved with the reproductive failure included high parasitemia, fever, low PCV, body score, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and progesterone. Hepatitis, pericarditis, and encephalitis were observed in the aborted fetuses. The presence of T. vivax DNA in the placenta, amniotic fluid, blood, and tissues from the fetuses confirms the transplacental transmission of the parasite. Histological lesion in the fetuses and placenta also suggest the involvement of the parasite in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive failure in ewes.The authors would like to acknowledge the Federal Rural University of the Semiarid (UFERSA), University of São Paulo (USP) and Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) contribution to the provision of laboratories and the availability of the structure

Síntese de ferrita NiFe2O4 e sua incorporação em compósitos de poliamida 6: Parte 1: caracterização estrutural por drx e mev dos pós e dos compósitos Synthesis of NiFe2O4 ferrite and its incorporation in nylon 6: Part 1: structural characterization by xrd and sem of ferrite powders and its composites

As ferritas geralmente são absorvedoras de radiação eletromagnética e apresentam a versatilidade de poderem ser manufaturadas com geometrias diferentes, e usadas na forma de ferritas policristalinas (corpo sinterizado) ou de compósitos de ferrita (adição de pó em matriz apropriada). A poliamida 6, por sua vez, pertence a uma classe de polímeros atraentes para aplicações em engenharia devido à combinação de propriedades como: estabilidade dimensional, boa resistência ao impacto sem entalhe e excelente resistência química. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar pós de ferrita NiFe2O4, e avaliar a adição destes em concentrações de 10, 30, 50 e 60% em massa a uma matriz polimérica de poliamida 6 usando um misturador da Haake Blücher, para obter compósitos de poliamida 6/NiFe2O4. Os pós e os compósitos foram caracterizados por difração de raios X (DRX) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os difratogramas de raios X mostraram picos característicos da poliamida 6 e da ferrita. Por MEV foi observada a formação de aglomerados grandes para a concentração de 60% e, uma grande quantidade de poros. Para a concentração de 10%, as partículas ficaram mais dispersas, com menos aglomerados e menos poros no compósito.Ferrites normally absorb electromagnetic radiation, being versatile in that they can be manufactured in different geometries and used as polycrystalline ferrites (sintered body) or composites of ferrite (with addition of the powder to an appropriate matrix). On the other hand, nylon 6 is an attractive polymer for engineering applications due to the combination of properties such as dimensional stability, good impact strength without notch indentation and excellent chemical resistance. The aim of this paper was to synthesize ferrite (NiFe2O4) powders and to evaluate their addition in concentrations of 10, 30, 50 and 60 wt% into a nylon 6 polymer matrix using a Haake Blücher mixer. The powders and the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffractograms showed characteristic peaks of nylon 6 and ferrite. With SEM, large clusters were observed for the concentration of 60%, with a large amount of pores. For the 10% concentration, the particles became more dispersed with less clusters and less pores in the composite

Enfermidades de cutias (Dasyprocta aguti) criadas em cativeiro diagnosticadas pelo exame anatomopatológico Diseases of agouti (Dasyprocta aguti) raised in captivity diagnosed by pathological examination

O exame necroscópico é especialmente útil no diagnóstico de enfermidades em animais silvestres. Em muitas ocasiões, as manifestações clínicas não são características como em animais domésticos, sendo frequente a ocorrência de óbitos em animais assintomáticos. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um estudo retrospectivo sobre as doenças de cutias diagnosticadas pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, através do exame anatomopatológico no período de 2006 a 2009. Em 32 cutias submetidas à necropsia, as percentagens das enfermidades diagnosticadas foram: morte perinatal pelo complexo inanição/hipotermia (21,6%), urolitíase obstrutiva (6,24%), distocia (6,24%), obstrução do ceco por areia - sablose (6,24%), intussuscepção (3,20%), fecaloma (3,20%) e obstrução do esôfago (3,20%). Dezesseis (16) animais permaneceram sem diagnóstico, dos quais nove (28,48%) apresentavam avançado estado autolítico e em sete (21,60%) não foram observadas lesões macro e microscópicas compatíveis com nenhuma enfermidade. Este artigo apresenta relatos de doenças ainda não descritas em cutias e seus resultados poderão produzir literatura sobre os aspectos patológicos destas enfermidades nessa espécie.Necroscopic examination is remarkably useful to diagnose wild animal's diseases. In several occasions the clinical signs are not charactheristic as in domestic animals and the occurrence of death in asymptomatic animals is frequent. Thus, the present work aimed to accomplish a retrospective study on agouti diseases diagnosed by pathological examination in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid, through January 2006 to December 2006. In 32 agoutis submitted to the necropsy, the percentage of diagnosed diseases was: perinatal death due hypothermia/ inanition complex (21.6%), obstructive urolithiasis (6.24%), dystocia (6.24%), cecum sablosis (6.24%), intussusceptions (3.20%), fecaloma (3.20%) and esophagus obstruction (3.20%). A total of 16 (50.08%) animals remained undiagnosed in which nine (28.48%) showed advanced autolysis and seven (21.60%) agouti had none macroscopic or microscopic lesions compatible with any disease. The present article presents reports of some diseases not yet diagnosed in agoutis and these results may produce literature review about the pathologic aspects of these diseases in this species