Chemical Compositions of Pine Resin, Rosin and Turpentine Oil From West Java

This study was conducted to identify chemical composition of merkus pine resin, rosin and turpentine oil. Initially, pine resin was separated into neutral and acidic fractions with an aqueous 4% sodium hydroxide solution. After methylation, the fraction containing turpentine oil and rosin were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The neutral fraction of pine resin and turpentine oil mainly consisted of a-pinene, D-3-carene and b-pinene. Based on mass spectral comparison, the major constituents of the acidic fraction and rosin were identified as sandaracopimaric acid, isopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, neoabietic acid, and merkusic acid. The major component of the acidic fractions was palustric acid, while that of rosin was abietic acid. Using TC (tough column) 1 and TC 5 columns, levopimaric acid could not be separated from rosin or acidic fraction of pine resin of Indonesian Pinus merkusii

Simple Screening For Potential Chrysene Degrading Fungi

Chrysene is a class of organic compounds, arranged in four benzene rings, and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), It has been found to have a variety of toxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity on microorganisms, plants and animals in environment. Nowadays, the most attention on degradation of PAHs is investigating degradation of high-molecular-weight molecules. However, microbes which have ability to degrade PAHs containing more than three benzene rings are more difficult to be obtained. In order to provide chrysene degrading fungi, this study was conducted for screening, and isolating the fungi from soil, and hence investigating the selected fungi having high chrysene degradation activity. From the 62 soil samples collected from Matsuyama-Japan, 92 isolates were found and 20 isolates of them grew well in Malt extract media contaminated with chrysene (covered up 90%). Among them, a fungus, Fusarium sp. has the highest activity to degrade chrysene compared to others screened fungi. This fungus was evaluated further on liquid medium from distilled water and sea water to confirm their validity in degrading chrysene. The result showed that Fusarium sp. F092 degraded 48% of chrysene, where the chrysene degradation showed no differences at salinity of 35o/oo. The effect of variation of enzymes activities on incubation times was evaluated simultaneously. When the fungus was grown in a liquid culture, the highest activity of 1,2-dioxygenase reached 203.5 UL-1 were observed on 30 days incubation and 29.7 Ul-1 for 2,3-dioxygenase on 40 days incubation. The products of chrysene degradation by Fusarium sp. F092 are, 1-hydroxy 2-napthoic acid and catechol. In conclusion, Fusarium sp. F092 shows a high potential activity degrade PAHs contamination

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi QPS 05 From Quercus Phillyraeoides A. Gray and Its Potential for α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

Endophytic fungi are the microorganisms that spend all or part of their life cycles within plant tissue without causing harmful effects on the plant. In this study, 14 endophytic fungus from Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray were isolated. Alternaria sp. QPS 05, an endophytic fungi which was isolated from the stem of Q. phillyraeoides A. Gray showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Further separation of ethyl acetate extract from the fungus led to the isolation of active substance from hexane-soluble fraction which give fatty acids mixture consist of palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (1) strong inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Isolated fatty acids (1) had inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 12.10 μg/mL. The results of the present study showed that endophytic fungus from Alternaria sp. QPS 05 potentially contained a rich source of natural antidiabetic medicine

Effect of Initial Inoculum on Growth and Fatty Acid Content as an α-glucosidase Inhibitor in Colletotrichum SP. TSC13 Mycelium That Cultures Under Shake and Static Conditions

Colletotrichum species were reported producing various bioactive compounds that may potentially be used in the development of anti-microbial, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-diabetes drugs. Our previous studies showed that the methanol extracts of mycelia from Colletotrichum sp. TSC13, an endophytic fungus isolated from Taxus sumatrana (Miq.) de Laub., were found to have α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The aim of present study was to examine the effects of initial inoculum on growth and the content of fatty acids as an α-glucosidase inhibitor in Colletotrichum sp. TSC13 that grew under shake and static condition. The results showed that shake and static conditions had more effect compared to the initial inocculum on growth and glucose consumption in growth and glucose consumption. However in terms of fatty acids contents and α-glucosidase inhibitor activities the initial inoculum showed more effect than shake and static condition