Variabilidad genotípica de aislamientos Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en lotes de cultivo de poroto en Salta y Jujuy

En los últimos años el Moho Blanco del poroto, causado por el hongo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, ha adquirido gran importancia en la región del Noroeste Argentino (NOA), ya que la enfermedad se presenta con mayor severidad y se ha detectado un incremento en el área de prevalencia. Los daños económicos producidos por S. sclerotiorum en el cultivo de poroto pueden llegar al 80% y alcanzar el 100% bajo condiciones ambientales favorables para el desarrollo del patógeno en cultivares sensibles. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la variabilidad genotípica de aislamientos de S. sclerotiorum en las principales áreas de producción de poroto del NOA. Para ello, se realizó un relevamiento en 6 lotes de cultivo de poroto en Salta y Jujuy, obteniéndose un total de 116 aislamientos que fueron analizados mediante técnicas moleculares y de compatibilidad micelial (MCG). Empleando ADN obtenido a partir de micelio los aislamientos se identificaron como S. sclerotiorum analizando las secuencias ITS-ADNr. Además se realizó la amplificación de ADN mediante PCR empleando 11 cebadores URP (Universal Rice Primers) observándose gran variabilidad genética entre los aislamientos evaluados. Por otro lado, se determinaron los MCG contrastando cada aislamiento con sí mismo y contra todos los demás, identificándose un total de 52 MCGs, los cuales fueron únicos para cada lote. Los resultados revelan la existencia de gran variabilidad entre y dentro de los lotes analizados y representan un aporte importante para la búsqueda de fuentes de resistencia a la enfermedad.Fil: Aban, Carla Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Taboada, Gisel María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Spedaletti, Yamila Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Mónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Casalderrey, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Chocobar, M. O.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Curti, Ramiro Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Galván, Marta Zulema. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Salta. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaXLVI Congreso Argentino de Genética; IV Jornada Regional NOACatamarcaArgentinaSociedad Argentina de GeneticaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuari

Novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposome-derived cochleate structure containing native lipopolysaccharide as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Proteoliposomes (PL) from Neisseria meningitidis B have been widely used as a core antigen for antimeningococcal vaccination. PL contain major outer membrane proteins, LPS and phospholipids, and they induce a strong Th1 immune response, but they have low stability in solution. Attending to the need for new vaccine adjuvants, we developed a highly stable cochleate structure (CS) from PL using a technology that allows easy incorporation of new antigens. We explored the ability of PLCS to activate the immune system and its possible application as an adjuvant for parenteral and mucosal routes. Our results showed that PLCS were able to upregulate the expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules on human dendritic cells, as well as being able to stimulate the production of soluble mediators of a Th1 response, such as IL-12 and nitric oxide. High levels of anti-PL IgG were detected in serum after i.m. or mucosal (oral and nasal) administration, but also anti-PL secretory IgA was produced in saliva following nasal delivery. The immune response polarization to a Th1 pattern was confirmed by the induction of IgG2a antibodies, positive delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, and IFN-γ production by splenocytes from immunized mice. The adjuvant potential was explored using PLCS containing ovalbumin (Ova). PLCS-Ova was able to elicit a substantial increase in anti-Ova IgG compared with Ova alone. In addition, a significant reduction in lesion size was observed in mice immunized with Leishmania major antigens in PLCS after challenge with virulent protozoa, suggesting at least partial modulation of the Th2 environment induced by this parasite. In conclusion, our results support the use of PLCS as a potent Th1 adjuvant for parenteral and mucosal vaccines

Molecular, morphological and pathogenic diversity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) fields in Argentina

White mould, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most threatening fungal diseases occurring across major bean production regions worldwide. In Argentina, under favourable weather conditions, up to 100% seed yield losses occur on susceptible common bean cultivars. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of S. sclerotiorum isolates from six dry bean fields in the main production area of Argentina by means of molecular, morphological (mycelium colour, number and pattern of sclerotia distribution) and pathogenic approaches. Among 116 isolates analysed, high genotypic and morphological variability was observed. A total of 52 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and 59 URPs (universal rice primers) molecular haplotypes were found. All the MCGs were location specific, while only 12% of the URP haplotypes were shared among locations. The molecular analysis of variance revealed a significant differentiation among populations, with higher genetic variability within the populations analysed than among them. The aggressiveness of the isolates towards bean seedlings was assessed in the greenhouse. Most of the isolates were highly aggressive, while no variation among locations was observed. The information generated in the present study provides, for the first time, information on the variability of S. sclerotiorum associated with white mould in the main common bean production area in Argentina. In addition, the findings suggest the occurrence of both clonal and sexual reproduction in the populations analysed. This work contributes to the development of sustainable managemeEEA SaltaFil: Aban, Carla Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Taboada, Gisel María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Spedaletti, Yamila Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Aparicio, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Curti, Ramiro Nestor. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Casalderrey, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Maggio, Maria Elisa. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Chocobar, Mario Osvaldo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, M. Actividad Privada; ArgentinaFil: Galvan, Marta Zulema. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Salta; Argentin

Los desafíos de la agricultura argentina : satisfacer las futuras demandas y reducir el impacto ambiental

Este libro se focaliza en generar conciencia acerca de la necesidad de romper la asociación entre producción y degradación ambiental, planificando los agroecosistemas de manera tal de satisfacer las futuras demandas de productos de la agricultura y reducir paralelamente el impacto ambiental de la actividad, asegurando la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos y beneficios socioeconómicos esenciales para la sociedad. La publicación presenta estrategias productivas que pueden conducir a alcanzar estas metas. Se toman conceptos del libro anterior titulado Los desafíos de la agricultura y se completan con información local con el fin de analizar los posibles aportes del mejoramiento genético, la biotecnología, el manejo de cultivos con base ecofisiológica, el manejo integrado de plagas, las buenas prácticas de aplicación de plaguicidas y fertilizantes, el manejo eficiente del agua, las estrategias de intensificación ecológica, entre otros. Los modelos de producción y las tecnologías deben ser evaluados en función de su contribución a los objetivos mencionados.Fil: Andrade, Fernando Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Taboada, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instuto de Suelos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lema, Rolando Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Maceira, Nestor Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Hernan Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Posse Beaulieu, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Clima y Agua; ArgentinaFil: Prieto Garra, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Enrique Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Ducasse, Daniel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bogliani, Mario Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Ingeniería Rural; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Comisión Nacional de Agroquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Gamundi, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Frana, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Trumper, Eduardo Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Fava, Fernando Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Perotti, Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Essential Step-by-Step Techniques for Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery

The ultimate resource for learning and mastering minimally invasive spine surgery techniques An estimated 1.5 million instrumented spinal procedures are performed every year in the US. The majority of decompressions and about 50% of fusion procedures can be performed completely or partially using minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) techniques. The full potential of MISS techniques has yet to be realized. Essential Step-by-Step Techniques for Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery by internationally renowned MISS neurosurgeon Roger Härtl, spine-neurosurgeon Rodrigo Navarro-Ramirez, and an impressive group of global multidisciplinary contributors is the most comprehensive and detailed textbook written to date on this topic. The foundation of the book is built on six interacting principles critical to surgical success, and MISS in particular: Target, Technology, Technique, Teaching and Training, Testing, and Talent. The text starts with an opening chapter on the definition of MISS and introduction of these principles. Fifty-six subsequent chapters provide a comprehensive discussion on how to utilize an MISS approach for a full spectrum of spinal pathologies using nuanced variations specific to the operating surgeon. To ensure readers are well versed in all aspects of MISS, these chapters include painstaking details on indications, contraindications, pathoanatomy, operating room set-up, step-by-step techniques, and postoperative management. Key Highlights Contributions from master spine surgeons across the world provide a balanced global perspective on mastering and incorporating diverse techniques into practice Invaluable clinical pearls including tips/tricks and complication avoidance High-quality images, figures, anatomic drawings, and imaging studies illustrate relevant anatomic approaches and corridors and delineate why anatomic masteryis critical to MISS Twenty-five videos enhance the ability to learn and implement MISS approaches This is a must-have resource for practicing spine surgeons interested in MISS who wish to learn the latest techniques from master surgeons and achieve optimal patient outcomes. The text and videos also provide a robust training tool for senior-level orthopaedic and neurosurgery residents and spine fellows

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care