Studying the Role of Marketing Intensity on the Relation of Financial Leverage and Firm Function

Choosing the financial supply is one of the most important decisions for providing optimal structure that can be effective for firm value and stocks market of companies. Therefore, marketing as one of the abilities of the firm can be effective on firm function. The purpose of this research is studying the role of marketing intensity on the relation of financial leverage and firm function in Companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is performed between 2012 and 2016 and 103 firms are studied in this research. The independent variables in this research are financial leverage and marketing intensity. The dependent variable is firm evaluation that Tobin's Q is used for evaluating this variable. For evaluating the research variables, Eviews 9 software is applied. The research findings illustrate there is not a U relation between financial leverage and firm function and marketing intensity is not a moderator between these two variables

Zinc Supplementation Might Not Affect Serum Leptin and Adi-ponectin Levels in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Background: Zinc as one of the important trace elements in human health has been suggested to be a supplement for modifying the level of adipokines, whereas findings from studies have been inconsistent. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence provided by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of zinc supplementation on serum adipokines levels. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched up to June 2019. The mean differences and their corresponding standard deviations (SDs) of changes in serum adipokines levels were used as effect size. Results: Eight eligible RCTs (leptin n=6, adiponectin n=3) were included in the current study. There were no significant changes in serum leptin levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) =0.60 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.78, 2.99; I-squared (I2) = 64.3%] and adiponectin levels (WMD = 1.09 ng/ml, 95% CI: -0.76, 3.18, I2 = 78.8%) following zinc supplementation compared to placebo group. These findings did not change after considering several subgroups including gender, study duration, health status, body weight and the type of zinc used for supplementation. Conclusion: No evidence was found to support the efficacy of dietary zinc supplements on serum levels of adipokines. Further, high-quality, long-term controlled clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings