Measuring psychosocial exposures: Validation of the Persian of the copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire (COPSOQ)

Background: The effect of psychosocial work environment on personal and organizational aspects of employees is well-known; and it is of fundamental importance to have valid tools to evaluate them. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). Methods: The questionnaire was translated into Persian and then back translated into English by two translators separately. The wording of the final Persian version was established by comparing the translated versions with the original questionnaire. One hundred three health care workers completed the questionnaire. Chronbach's alpha was calculated, and factor analysis was performed. Results: Factor analysis revealed acceptable validity for the five contexts of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.73 to 0.82 in different contexts. Conclusion: This study revealed that the Persian version of COPSOQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring psychosocial factors at work

Relationship between using cell phone and the risk of accident with motor vehicles: An analytical cross-sectional study

Purpose: Traffic accidents are one of the major health problems in the world, being the first cause of burden of illness and the second leading cause of death in Iran. The Sistan-Baluchestan province is one of the most accidental provinces of Iran with the highest rate of accidents-caused deaths. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors associated with traffic accidents in Zahedan through 2013 to 2016. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on 223 drivers from Zahedan who were traumatized by traffic accident and sent to Zahedan hospitals. The data were obtained through interviews taken by the trained interviewers via refereeing to the medical records and collected in the researcher-made checklist. Census was obtained from the study subjects. For data analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and logistic regression were used with the Stata software version 11.0. Results: In this study, 223 male subjects with the mean age of (32.54 ± 12.95) years, 39.8 single and 60.2 married, entered for investigation. Most accidents (38.8) occurred between 12:00 to 17:59. While driving, 47.1 of the study subjects were using cell phones, 89.1 had manual use of mobile phones, 21.9 had a habit of sending short message service (SMS) and 23.4 had sent SMS within 10 min before the accident. The one way analysis of variance showed that the mean age of individuals with marital status, driving experience, education and accident with motorcycle were significantly different (p < 0.05). Also, the multivariate logistic regression test indicated a significant relationship of smoking, ethnicity, insurance and SMS typing while driving with motorcycle accident (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, SMS and smoking while driving had the highest risk among the variables studied in the motorcycle accidents. Therefore, effective education attempting to enhance people's awareness about the consequences of using cell phone and smoking during driving to reduce traffic accidents seems necessary. © 2020 Chinese Medical Associatio

Cost-effectiveness analysis of adding low dose ribavirin to peginterferon alfa-2a for treatment of chronic hepatitis C infected thalassemia major patients in Iran

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis C in Iran is 1 and 18 in general population and thalassemia patients respectively. The cost effectiveness analysis of adding Ribavirin to Peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG IFN alfa-2a) as a combination treatment strategy of chronic hepatitis C in thalassemia patients in comparison with monotherapy could help clinicians and policy makers to provide the best treatment for the patients. Objectives: In this study we aimed to assess whether adding Ribavirin to PEG IFN alfa-2a is a cost effective strategy in different genotypes and different subgroups of 280 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection from the perspective of society in Iranian setting. Patients and Methods: A cost effectiveness analysis including all costs and outcomes of treatments for chronic hepatitis C infected thalassemia major patients was conducted. We constructed a decision tree of treatment course in which a hypothetical cohort of 100 patients received "PEG IFN alfa-2a" or "Peg IFN alfa-2a plus Ribavirin." The cost analysis was based on cost data for 2008 and we used 9300 Iranian Rials (IR Rial) as exchange rate declared by the Iranian Central Bank on that time to calculating costs by US Dollar (USD). To evaluate whether a strategy is cost effective, one time and three times of GDP per capita were used as threshold based on recommendation of the World Health Organization. Results: The Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) for combination therapy in genotype-1 and genotypes non-1 subgroups was 2,673 and 19,211 US dollars (USD) per one Sustain Virological Response (SVR), respectively. In low viral load and high viral load subgroups, the ICER was 5,233 and 14,976 USD per SVR, respectively. The calculated ICER for combination therapy in subgroup of patients with previously resistant to monotherapy was 13,006 USD per SVR. Combination therapy in previously resistant patients to combination therapy was a dominant strategy. Conclusions: Adding low dose of Ribavirin to PEG IFN alfa-2a for treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with genotype-1 was "highly cost effective" and in patients with low viral load and in previous monotherapy resistant patients was "cost effective." © 2013, Kowsar Corp

Bile cast nephropathy due to cholestatic jaundice after using stanozolol in 2 amateur bodybuilders

Elevated level of bile can cause bile cast nephropathy, which can be seen in patients with severe cholestatic liver disease. Stanozolol is a C17a-alkylation steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone and its major adverse effect is cholestatic jaundice. We report 2 bodybuilders who received stanozolol for 6 weeks and developed icterus. Serum total bilirubin was around 50 mg/dL. Liver biopsy showed intrahepatic cholestasis. In spite of fluid and albumin therapy, serum creatinine increased and the patients experienced oliguria. Urine sediment showed granular cast and normal erythrocyte count. Protein excretion in 24-hour urine was less than 1000 mg in both patients. Hemodialysis was started on and renal biopsy revealed acute tubular epithelial cell damage along with bile pigment (cast) deposition, compatible with bile cast-related nephropathy. Serum bilirubin decreased gradually and urine output increased. Serum creatinine was around 1.5 mg/dL in both of the patients 2 months after discharge. © 2015, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved

Effect of current pathway on mortality and morbidity in electrical burn patients

Introduction Electrical injury is relatively uncommon but it is a devastating form of thermal injury. The aim of this study is to analyze specific aspects of electrical injuries, especially the effect of current pathways on morbidity and mortality. Method This descriptive-analytical study was performed on patients with electrical burns who were admitted to the Shahid Motahary Burn Center from April 2010 to March 2012. Demographic and clinical data including gender, age, length of hospital stay, total body surface area (TBSA), grading of burn, electrical voltage, inlet electrical mark, outflow electrical mark, current pathway, surgical procedures, and place of electrical burn have been gathered from medical records. The site of inlet and outlet of current on the body is divided into six groups: Rt (right) upper limb, Lt (left) upper limb, Rt lower limb, Lt lower limb, head and neck, and trunk. According to these sites, the current pathway is defined to seven groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 20. Results From 287 patients, 283 were men and 4 were women. The mean age was 30 ± 12 years (range 1-71) and mean TBSA was 13.56 ± 12.97 (range 1-100). There were 233 patients (81.2) with passage of the electrical current through the body and 54 patients (18.8) with flash burns. A total of 859 surgical procedures were performed on 232 patients. One hundred and eighteen amputations were performed in 83 patients. The most common inlet electrical marks were in Rt upper limb and the most common outlet electrical marks were in Lt lower limbs, and consequently, the most common pathway was upper limb to lower limb. Conclusions Electrical injuries are mainly occupation-related injuries and in this research majority of injuries occurred outdoor by high voltage cables in young men. Thus the government should consider a distinct strategy for this group. Also it is observed that there were no significant differences in mortality and complications such as amputation between different pathways. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved

Hadaeq authorâs viewpoint concerning the probable features in embracing of treatment narratives

The most important effective factor in conflict removal in Shiâite narratives and traditions is traditions well-known as treatments narratives. This paper attempts to compare deceased author of hadaeq theory and the most important theories in collection of treatment narratives. A part of some shiâite narrative works is appropriated to traditions called treatment narratives. In these traditions, methods of conflict removal among the narratives are demonstrated. Although, the use of these narratives, in the first step, is confronted a great objection, that is, confliction within treatment narratives. In this paper, we intend to express the most important opinions concerning this subject and to study their characteristics and comparison of them with the viewpoint of deceased author of Hadaeq, and to attain to the points for removal of conflict among the narratives

Reliability and validity of Persian version of world health organization health and work performance questionnaire in Iranian health care workers

Background: The effect of health status on productivity has widely been studied and discussed in literature. Valid and reliable tools are needed to evaluate the levels of health and productivity and provide detailed information, before any intervention is implemented. World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) is a widely used instrument in estimating the workplace costs of health problems in terms of reduced job performance, sickness absence, and work-related accidents and injuries. Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of HPQ in Iranian health care workers. Methods: The questionnaire was translated to Persian and back translated. 102 health care workers completed the questionnaire. Absence and sick-leave data was extracted from administrative records. Results: Factor analysis revealed acceptable validity for the questionnaire in part A (health). Cronbach's alpha was >0.73 for all scales of Parts B (work) and C (demographic). Questions targeting days of absence and sick-leave had acceptable correlation with administrative records (Pearson's r >0.75), while questions on total hours worked showed lower correlation. Conclusion: Persian version of HPQ can be considered a reliable and valid tool in Iranian health workers