An Empirical Study of The Cocoa, Rubber and Economic Growth in Malaysia

The Malaysian plantation industry is an integral part of the agricultural sector. Cocoa and rubber products’ trade is very important to the Malaysian economy and the global agricultural industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between cocoa, rubber and economic growth in Malaysia. To examine this linkage, we use time series from 1972 to 2016. Based upon the results we examined for both the short-run and long-run by employing Johansen co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). These findings showed that the cocoa and rubber had an impact on the GDP for long run relationship

RASCH MEASUREMENT THEORY IN VALIDATION INSTRUMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY IN MALAYSIA

The study develops a new instrument in measuring the validity of the questionnaire in technology banking applications using the Rasch model as an alternative method. Usually, classical method, the Cronbach alpha (α), is used to prove the validity of the instrument. In addition, the Rasch measurement model is also capable of providing guidance to proof quality items to strengthen the legitimacy of the survey instrument. Questionnaire consisting of 28 items and using a 5-level Likert scale with very unimportant to very important as the form of semantic differential was distributed to 223 respondents. Bond and Fox software analysis showed different response patterns to construct items that were measured in the same logit. Findings show the more widespread application of Rasch models would lead to a stronger justification of measurement particularly in cross-cultural studies and whenever measures of individual respondents are of interest.Keywords: Rasch, financial technology, measurement, validit

An assessment of trade integration focusing on export-led growth strategy for Sarawak: An economic geography perspective

In an attempt to mitigate domestic supply and increasing local needs and wants for goods and services, international trade is the solution. This paper aims to investigate the development of trade integration focusing on Sarawak as a state in the Federation of Malaysia. The paper employed the gravity model in the context of international trade for Sarawak. Data from selected countries were used covering a period of 10 years. The paper contributes to the gravity model focusing on international trade and economic growth in a state in Malaysia. The findings revealed that Sarawak geographic remoteness contributed to better performance in terms of adding value to its current exports. In the desire to make Sarawak an export-led growth economy , the government has established a Ministry responsible for coordinating and supporting both industrial development and international trade

Government debt: an empirical analysis with structural break for the economy of Malaysia

Malaysia recorded a fiscal policy with a deficit budget since the economic crisis in 1997. During the tough economic crisis to maintain economic growth, the government committed to stimulus fiscal budget controlling. According to the Keynesian theory, a fiscal policy may induce economic growth at moderate levels of public debt. Although debt and economic growth are not recent issues faced by the Malaysia government, the impact government debt on economic growth has been debated, especially in terms of imbalances development. This work aims to investigate the relationship between economic growth and government debt in Malaysia, with the application of structural break analysis. We utilized econometric techniques such as unit root tests and Granger. Regarding the unit root test, we used structural break combinations with pure and partial structural change models. The analysis is based on data across the period of 1970 to 2018. We find more evidence against the unit root test with structural breaks in Malaysia, with causality between debt and economic growth

Analysis of household consumption function based on permanent income hypothesis in Sabah, Malaysia: a conceptual framework

In the past, Sabah has often been reported as Malaysia’s poorest state, with the recorded highest incidence of absolute poverty among all the other states. The consumption patterns of households in Sabah have been significantly impacted by such circumstances. This further draws light on the adverse impact on the broader economy, as low levels of spending may restrict demand for products and services, stifling economic growth. The understanding of households’ consumption functions based on the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) will advance knowledge in identifying the key factors that influence the households’ spending decisions. Pointing out the scant number of past studies done within this very context, and focusing on the Sabah state in particular, further motivated this study, this paper aims to develop a conceptual framework that can estimate and examine the households’ consumption functions in Sabah. As such, the methodology of drawing upon narrative reviews from research in the past will be used in this paper to develop the conceptual framework. The result of this study built upon the framework developed will help in identifying the factors that explain the households’ consumption patterns, in particular, whether the function estimated will be consistent with the Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH). It is hoped that the conceptual framework built will aid in providing valuable empirical insight for policymakers in designing effective policies that can uplift households that are living in poverty

The relationship between live commerce towards customer engagement in Malaysia e-commerce platform

This paper emphasizes on the variables of live commerce and the relationship with Customer engagement in e-commerce platform in Malaysia. An interdisciplinary literature review suggesting positive relationship between live commerce and customer engagement. Therefore, using the Social Cognitive (SC) theory and stimulus–organism–response (SOC) model, researcher propose to analyze the practice of live commerce and the relationship with Customer engagement in SMEs Malaysia. These theory and model will be employed to develop an integrative conceptual framework that combines various relational bonds, affective commitment, visual attention, and consumer engagement. Through understanding majority live commerce consumer in Malaysia, can reflect live commerce customer expectation and need and contribute to customer engagement. The implication of this study is expected to give insight of live commerce practice in Malaysia and indirectly assist ecommerce operator and related industry that wish to venture in live commerce. For future study, researcher will add culture and ethnicity as mediating effect and a research model will be developed by testing the proposed conceptual framework using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)

Aplikasi model penilaian prestasi e-perbankan runcit sebagai instrumen kewangan pengguna Malaysia

Objektif utama kajian adalah mengaplikasi model penilaian teknologi dengan melibatkan aspek permintaan dan penawaran di dalam satu model prestasi ekonomi. Model akan menjadi input dalam mengenalpasti faktor perkembangan di dalam pembangunan e-perbankan runcit Malaysia. Sampel kajian yang dipilih secara rawak di ibu negeri dan bandar utama di Malaysia yang mempunyai kepadatan tinggi melalui kaedah persampelan convenience. Responden dinilai menggunakan soal selidik yang dibangunkan daripada asas Model UTAUT dengan membentuk konstruk yang melibatkan tahap kualiti, kemahiran, kos transaksi, peranan penyedia perkhidmatan (bank) dan pengaruh persekitaraan. Bagi melihatkan prestasi secara menyeluruh, kajian juga menilai tahap perbezaan pengguna mengikut lokasi terhadap e-perbankan dengan membentuk persampelan Muster iaitu membahagikan responden kepada dua bahagian iaitu Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak. Kajian membentuk dua analisis pengesahan soal selidik iaitu Model Pengukuran Rasch (RMT) dan Pengesahan Faktor Analisis (CFA). Kaedah ini bagi mempelbagaikan analisis hujahan statistik untuk memberi kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang baik ke atas soal selidik dengan melibatkan pengujian corak pola item dan responden. Kajian juga membandingkan pengujian soal selidik di antara RMT dan CFA yang bertujuan meningkatkan tahap kebolehpercayaan data kajian. Hasil analisis menyingkirkan dua item dalam konstruk kajian yang gagal diterima oleh teori Rasch dan CFA disebabkan tidak memenuhi tahap keperluan minimum. Data selepas penyingkiran dianalisis bagi membentuk lintasan di dalam SEM menggunakan AMOS v22. Kajian berjaya menerima empat hipotesis (H3, H6, H7, dan H8) daripada 8 yang diuji. Model mengesahkan bahawa konstruk kos transaksi daripada penyedia perkhidmatan memberi kesan yang signifikan kepada faktor penilaian prestasi perbankan runcit mudah alih secara keseluruhan kajian. Dapatan kajian turut memperolehi kos merupakan konstruk signifikan yang sama bagi dua lokasi kajian yang berbeza. Namun kajian mendapati, bahagian sudut pengguna bagi model Sabah dan Sarawak Indikator kemahiran pengguna memberi kesan yang signifikan. Secara keseluruhannya, model kajian menerangkan variance (81%) dalam penilaian prestasi e-perbankan runcit dikalangan responden. Kajian ini mempunyai sumbangan teori dan praktial penting dalam menyediakan model teori yang menerangkan penilaian teknologi e-perbankan runcit di Malaysia. Oleh itu, ianya mampu menerangkan tahap prestasi sedia ada pengguna Malaysia dad segi kekurangan dan kekuatan yang dimiliki untuk ke arah pembangunan dan perancangan e-kewangan di dalam masyarakat berinovasi

Ageing population and economic growth: evidence from Malaysia

This main purpose of this article investigated the impact of ageing population on economic growth in Malaysia. Annual time series data for 27-year duration (1990-2017) was used and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) was applied. This study will focuses on addressing role of ageing population in Malaysia by context that failed to receive much attention especially in employment sector. By using Romer [1] endogenous theory, the cointegration result revealed that exists a long run relationship exists between ageing population in Malaysia government development expenditure in education and economic growth. Our analysis recommends further investment in government expenditure in education sector to achieving higher human capital capability as a towards high income country and ageing phenomena

Nonlinear effects of remittances paid on macroeconomics in Malaysia

The remittances play a major and a very critical role in promoting economic growth and development activities in the developing countries. In this study, the relationship between per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and remittances paid has been investigated based on the case studies in Malaysia from 1987 to 2018. Data was collected from various sources namely statistical yearbook by World Bank and Asian Development Bank. All variables are expressed in natural logarithm form. The technique utilized is the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (hereafter NARDL) approach which was introduced by Shin et al.(2014) to examine both short run and long run relationships, as well as the direction of causality, due to the asymmetric relationship between GDP and remittances. The bound test verifies asymmetric cointegration among the variables. The empirical results show that the remittances paid has a momentous short-run and long-run effect towards capital accumulation in Malaysia. Remittances also increase a positive relationship with capital accumulation for Malaysia. We found that remittances form a significant source of external capital and investment for developing countries especially Malaysia which helps in promoting economic development. Furthermore, as a developing country, foreign workers are a source of income to the receiving countries and an indicator to boost sender countries

Aplikasi model penilaian prestasi e-Perbankan runcit sebagai instrumen kewangan pengguna Malaysia

Objektif utama kajian adalah mengaplikasi model penilaian teknologi dengan melibatkan aspek permintaan dan penawaran di dalam satu model prestasi ekonomi. Model akan menjadi input dalam mengenalpasti faktor perkembangan di dalam pembangunan e-perbankan runcit Malaysia. Sampel kajian yang dipilih secara rawak di ibu negeri dan bandar utama di Malaysia yang mempunyai kepadatan tinggi melalui kaedah persampelan convenience. Responden dinilai menggunakan soal selidik yang dibangunkan daripada asas Model UTAUT dengan membentuk konstruk yang melibatkan tahap kualiti, kemahiran, kos transaksi, peranan penyedia perkhidmatan (bank) dan pengaruh persekitaraan. Bagi melihatkan prestasi secara menyeluruh, kajian juga menilai tahap perbezaan pengguna mengikut lokasi terhadap e-perbankan dengan membentuk persampelan kluster iaitu membahagikan responden kepada dua bahagian iaitu Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak. Kajian membentuk dua analisis pengesahan soal selidik iaitu Model Pengukuran Rasch (RMT) dan Pengesahan Faktor Analisis (CFA). Kaedah ini bagi mempelbagaikan analisis hujahan statistik untuk memberi kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan yang baik ke atas soal selidik dengan melibatkan pengujian corak pola item dan responden. Kajian juga membandingkan pengujian soal selidik di antara RMT dan CFA yang bertujuan meningkatkan tahap kebolehpercayaan data kajian. Hasil analisis menyingkirkan dua item dalam konstruk kajian yang gagal diterima oleh teori Rasch dan CFA disebabkan tidak memenuhi tahap keperluan minimum. Data selepas penyingkiran dianalisis bagi membentuk lintasan di dalam SEM menggunakan AMOS v22. Kajian berjaya menerima empat hipotesis (H3, H6, H7, dan H8) daripada 8 yang diuji. Model mengesahkan bahawa konstruk kos transaksi daripada penyedia perkhidmatan memberi kesan yang signifikan kepada faktor penilaian prestasi perbankan runcit mudah alih secara keseluruhan kajian. Dapatan kajian turut memperolehi kos merupakan konstruk signifikan yang sama bagi dua lokasi kajian yang berbeza. Namun kajian mendapati, bahagian sudut pengguna bagi model Sabah dan Sarawak indikator kemahiran pengguna memberi kesan yang signifikan. Secara keseluruhannya, model kajian menerangkan variance (81 %) dalam penilaian prestasi e-perbankan runcit dikalangan responden. Kajian ini mempunyai sumbangan teori dan praktial penting dalam menyediakan model teori yang menerangkan penilaian teknologi e-perbankan runcit di Malaysia. Oleh itu, ianya mampu menerangkan tahap prestasi sedia ada pengguna Malaysia dari segi kekurangan dan kekuatan yang dimiliki untuk ke arah pembangunan dan perancangan e-kewangan di dalam masyarakat berinovasi