15 research outputs found
Optical Magnetometry
Some of the most sensitive methods of measuring magnetic fields utilize
interactions of resonant light with atomic vapor. Recent developments in this
vibrant field are improving magnetometers in many traditional areas such as
measurement of geomagnetic anomalies and magnetic fields in space, and are
opening the door to new ones, including, dynamical measurements of bio-magnetic
fields, detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), magnetic-resonance
imaging (MRI), inertial-rotation sensing, magnetic microscopy with cold atoms,
and tests of fundamental symmetries of Nature.Comment: 11 pages; 4 figures; submitted to Nature Physic
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Femtotesla Nearly-Quantum-Noise-Limited Pulsed Gradiometer at Earth-Scale Fields
We describe a magnetic gradiometer that operates at finite fields and uses an intense pulsed laser to polarize a 87Rb atomic ensemble and a compact vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser probe laser to detect paramagnetic Faraday rotation in a single multipass cell. We report differential magnetic sensitivity of
14 fT/Hz1/2, corresponding to gradiometer sensitivity of 70 fT/cm/âHz with a 0.2 cm baseline, over a broad dynamic range, including Earthâs field magnitude and a common-mode rejection ratio higher than 104. We also observe a nearly quantum-noise-limited behavior of the gradiometer by comparing the experimental standard deviation of the estimated frequency difference against the CramĂ©r-Rao lower bound in the presence of white photon shot-noise, atomic spin noise, and diffusion