Effect of supplementation of African breadfruit (Treculia africana) hulls with organic wastes on growth characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

African breadfruit (Treculia africana) hulls were supplemented at different levels with other organic food processing wastes (orange, plantain, cassava and soybean). Optimum supplementation of 40:60 (breadfruit hulls to each waste) was obtained. Proximate and mineral composition of the unsupplemented and the supplemented waste were determined. A synthetic medium with chemical nutrients was prepared. The growth performance and other fermenting parameters were monitored on test strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) incubated at predetermined pH (3.8) and temperature (27°C) conditions. Supplementation increased crude protein (4.38 – 8.31 g/100 g) and mineral content (Na, K and P) in the waste, and sugar concentration (4.44 – 4.56 g/l), sugar conversion efficiency (28.39 –31.56%), biomass yield (11.0 – 30.1 g/l) and single cell protein (28.98- 34.26 g/100g) in the hydrolysate.Supplementation of the African breadfruit hulls with organic wastes was an improvement over the unsupplemented breadfruit medium and could promote use in the animal feed industr

Effect Of Blanching On The Composition And Characteristics Of Breadnut (Artocarpus Altilis) Flour

Raw and blanched breadnut (Artocarpus altilis) flours were prepared and both the proximate composition and physical characteristics of the flours were studied in a bid to determining the effect of blanching on these parameters. The flours showed low protein (4.6%) but high carbohydrate (66.33%) and fat (14.25%) values. Apart from carbohydrate (70.45%) blanching did not appear to improve the proximate composition of the flour. However, it improved the physical characteristics particularly in “meat” extraction rate (from 80.5 to 86.0%), wettablity (from 1.38 to 0.56 min.) and bulk density (from 0.66 to 0.82 w/v). The effect of blanching on the above characteristics is probably due to the effect on heat on the components native to the breadnut.Journal of Applied Chemistry and Agricultural Research Vol. 6 1999: pp. 94-9

Weight analyses and nitrogen balance assay in rats fed extruded African breadfruit (Treculia africana Decne) based diets

Weight analyses and nitrogen balance assay in adult rats in raw and extruded African breadfruit (Treculia africana) based diets were carried out using response surface methodology in a central composite design. Process variables were feed composition (40 - 100 % Africanbreadfruit, 0 - 5 % corn and 0 - 55 % soybean, respectively), feed moisture (15 – 27 %) and screw speed (100 – 180 rpm). One hundred and two adult rats weighing 71 – 86 g were housed in stainless steel metabolism cages, and fed different diets comprising 5 (raw), 25 (extruded), standard casein and N-free diets in groups of 6 rats percage on the basis of body weight. Data generated were used in calculating nitrogen intakes and balances, biological values, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio during the 7-day feeding period. Rats fed the standard raw diet made from casein had the highestfood intake (47.20 g) while those fed diets made from 100 % African breadfruit had the least food intake (29.40 g). Food intake was generally higher in the extruded diets ranging from 35 g in diet containing 70 % African breadfruit, 5 % corn and 25 % soybean to 48.90 g for dietsmade from 40 % African breadfruit, 5 % corn and 55 % soybean. Maximum body weight gain, carcass, organ and liver weights were 6.20, 53.80, 13.30 and 3.10 g for rats fed raw diets and 11.60, 93.40, 23.40 and 6.40 g respectively, for those fed extruded diets. Biologicalvalues (0.77 - 0.94), net protein utilization (0.72 - 0.91) and protein efficiency ratio (1.04 - 2.22) for extruded diets were reported. Diet intake was quadratically affected by feed moisture and screw speed

Spectroscopic analysis of ethanol produced by saccharomyces pastorianus in cassava starch hydrolyzate medium containing independent variable divalent cations saccharomyces pastorianus

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Noodle Extrusion from Whole Cassava Mosaic Disease- Resistant Flour Varieties: A Principal Component Analysis

One hundred percent cassava flours processed from eight cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant varieties (92b/00061, 95/0289, 92/0057, 96/1632, 98/0505, 97/2205, TME419 and 92/0326) were cold-extruded into noodles adapting a locally fabricated single-screw extruder. The cassava flours were evaluated for proximate and hydrogencyanide composition while their noodles were cooked and subjected to sensory analysis. Principal component analysis of the parameters was adopted using the correlation matrix with the objective of reducing data in order to select key factors contributing to the total variation of a given parameter. The proximate composition showed that meanprotein value ranged from 1.93% (98/0505) to 2.60% (96/1632) and fat ranged from 0.46% (92/0326 and 95/0289) to 0.95% (96/1632) while the hydrogen cyanide concentration ranged from 8.20mg/kg (92/0057) to 11.14mg/kg (96/1632). The principal component analysis of the cassava flours explained up to 90.90% of the totalvariation in the proximate composition with ash and carbohydrate as the key variables. Three principal components with eigenvalues of 3.6348, 1.6173 and 1.2545, respectively explained about 81.30% of the total variation in the functional properties of the cassava flours. Oil absorption capacity with scoring coefficient . 0.5 contributed mostpositively to the total variation. The eigenanalysis of data on noodles extruded from whole cassava produced 2 principal components which accounted for 85.80% of the variations in their sensory evaluation. Colour, texture, taste and general acceptability were the key sensory attributes of the noodles contributing significantly to the variations based on their loadings (. 0.5). The results of this research indicate thatwhole cassava mosaic disease-resistant varieties could produce acceptable noodles extruded with a locally fabricated single screw extruder. This can serve as a good substitute to wheat flour in noodle production and utilization

Pasting and functional properties of fufuprocessed from cassava mosaic disease-resistant varieties cultivated in a high rainfall zone

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Performance of pure and crossbred progenies of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goats in the Rainforest Zone of South Eastern Nigeria.

This study is a report of part of a planned breeding programme to evaluate the performance of pure and crossbred progenies of Red Sokoto (RS) and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in a rainforest zone of South Eastern Nigeria. A total of 56 kids produced by four breeding goat units consisting of pure Red Sokoto (RS x RS), pure West African Dwarf (WAD X WAD), main cross (RS x WAD), and reciprocal cross (WAD X RS) were used to investigate performance and cost benefit of producing progenies of these indigenous goats. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with genetic group and sex as the factors of interest. Results showed that at birth, the male RS X RS kids weighed significantly (P<0.05) highest (1.84±0.23kg), followed by WAD X RS (1.43±0.14kg), RS X WAD (1.37±0.56kg) while the WAD X WAD kids had the lowest birth weight (1.15±0.39kg). However, the RS X WAD female kids, at birth weighed significantly highest (1.5±0.54kg), followed by the RS X RS (1.33±0.98kg), WAD X RS (1.31±0.17kg) and WAD X WAD (1.09±0.12kg).Body weight at 18 weeks was significantly higher for RS X RS (9.82±0.79kg) than the RS X WAD (8.34±0.85) which in turn was significantly higher than the WAD X RS (7.61±0.13kg) and WAD X WAD (7.51±0.61kg). The male and female kids of the RS X WAD had improved body weight and the linear body measurements namely, body length, height-at-withers and heart girth. This genetic group had a higher average daily gain (46.03 ± 1.41g/d) and better feed conversion ratio (5.38 ± 0.27) than the RS x WAD (6.64 ± 0.18) and WAD x WAD (7.02 ± 0.21). It also had the lowest cost of production (N953.40=$6.60) and as such the highest gross margin (N2,111.06 =$14.60) in 18 weeks. Individuals in this group appeared more promising hybrid goats for commercial meat goat production in the rainforest zone of South Eastern Nigeria.Keywords: Red Sokoto and WAD goats, crossbreeding, linear body measurements, cost benefit, rainforest zone