Cinética dos anticorpos de origem colostral contra a toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D em cordeiros

Enterotoxemia, uma das mais importantes enfermidades que acomete os pequenos ruminantes domésticos, é causada principalmente pela toxina épsilon de Clostridium perfringens tipo D. O presente estudo avaliou a cinética de anticorpos colostrais antitoxina épsilon em cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas submetidas a dois diferentes tipos de manejo sanitário. Um grupo de ovelhas prenhes (n=6) foi vacinado com uma dose única de vacina comercial polivalente contra clostridioses contendo toxóide épsilon na sua formulação cerca de 30 dias antes da data prevista para a parição. Outro grupo de ovelhas (n=6) de mesma idade gestacional não foi vacinado. Imediatamente após o parto, antes da ingestão do colostro, foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas dos respectivos cordeiros, bem como aos 30 e 60 dias de idade e submetidas à avaliação sorológica pelo teste de ELISA indireto. Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que a vacinação de ovelhas prenhes 30 dias antes do parto contra a enterotoxemia causada pela toxina épsilon, com dose única de produto comercial, induz imunidade passiva em níveis considerados protetores (>0,5UI/ml) aos cordeiros por, no mínimo, 60 dias de idade

Phenotypic factors and genetic group on the selling price formation of beef calves sold in auctions at the Northern region of Paraná State, Brazil

The aim of this study is to estimate the effects of phenotypic traits on the final price of calves sold at auctions in the region of northern Paraná. Data were collected between April 2011 and April 2012 at 12 auctions, in which 197 lots were offered, totaling 4,289 animals. In this study, only the final prices charged when the deals were closed have been considered. Calves belonging to the British genetic group reached higher marketing value than zebu calves; the largest animals presented higher liquidity; buyers preferred more uniform lots, regardless of the sex of the animals

Kinetics of epsilon antitoxin antibodies in different strategies for active immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia

Enterotoxaemia, a common disease that affects domestic small ruminants, is mainly caused by the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens type D. The present study tested four distinct immunization protocols to evaluate humoral response in lambs, a progeny of non-vaccinated sheep during gestation. Twenty-four lambs were randomly allocated into four groups according to age (7, 15, 30 and 45 days), receiving the first dose of epsilon toxoid commercial vaccine against clostridiosis with booster after 30 days post vaccination. Indirect ELISA was performed after the first vaccine dose and booster to evaluate the immune response of the lambs. Results showed that for the four protocols tested all lambs presented serum title considered protective (≥0.2UI/ml epsilon antitoxin antibodies) and also showed that the anticipation of primovaccination of lambs against enterotoxaemia conferred serum title considered protective allowing the optimization of mass vaccination of lambs

Organisational problems in respect of the implementation of activity‐based costing in South Africa

In this study the extent and nature of organisational problems that are encountered in South Africa in respect of the implementation of activitybased costing are examined and compared with difficulties experienced by companies in the British Isles, United States of America and Australia. The investigation comprised a literature survey as well as an empirical study of the companies listed in South Africa. Contrary to the findings of overseas studies, South African companies experience less difficulty in respect of support from senior management and considere the employee resources allocated to the ABC projects to be adequate and satisfactory. ABC objectives are aligned with organisational goals, culture and company strategy. However, whilst implementers are adequately trained, the insufficient training of users and managers is perceived to be a hindrance to success and in the majority of companies other priorities take precedence to the ABC project

Indução do estro no pós-parto em vacas primíparas Holandês-Zebu Induction of estrus in the postpartum of Holstein-Zebu heifers through norgestomet

Avaliou-se o efeito do peso corporal no início do tratamento com progestágeno sobre as características reprodutivas de vacas mestiças Holandês-Zebu no pós-parto. Foram utilizadas 64 vacas, divididas em quatro grupos: GI - vacas com peso corporal entre 390-458kg e submetidas a tratamento hormonal com norgestomet, GII - vacas com peso corporal entre 464-562kg e submetidas a tratamento hormonal com norgestomet, GIII - vacas com peso corporal entre 374-451kg (controle) e GIV - vacas com peso corporal entre 452-545kg (controle). Os animais do grupo II manifestaram o primeiro estro no pós-parto mais cedo que os demais (64,4 dias - GII vs. 109,4-GI; 143,2-GIII e 105,1-GIV dias), e apresentaram menor período de serviço (94,6 dias vs. 125,5; 160,9 e 131,0 dias, na mesma ordem de citação anterior). Quanto às taxas de manifestação de estro e de gestação final, não se verificaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Os animais do GII apresentaram o menor período de serviço e os do GIII, o maior (94,6 vs. 160,9). Não houve influência do tratamento hormonal nem do peso corporal sobre a produção de leite e duração da lactação. O uso do implante de progestágeno nos animais que apresentaram maiores peso e condição corporal no início do tratamento respondeu por menor intervalo entre o parto e o primeiro estro. O uso do progestágeno em animais mais leves esteve associado ao retorno mais rápido à atividade ovariana cíclica no pós-parto.<br>The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of two ranges of body weight and norgestomet treatment on the reproductive parameters of postpartum crossbred Holstein-zebu cows. Sixty four primiparous cows were randomly allocated to four treatments 40 days after calving: group I - cows with body weight ranging from 390 to 458kg and norgestomet treated; group II - cows with body weight ranging from 464 to 562kg and norgestomet treated; group III - cows with body weight ranging from 390 to 458kg (control); and group IV - cows with body weight ranging from 464 to 562kg (control). Progestagen auricular implants were mantained during 10 days and the cows were mated to bulls submitted to breeding soundness evaluation. Animals from treatment II showed estrus earlier than animals of the others treatments (II: 64.4; I: 109.4; III: 143.2 and IV: 105.1 days; P<0.05), and shorter open days (II: 94.6; I: 125.5; III: 160.9 and IV: 131.0 days; P<0.05). Estrus and pregnance rates did not differ between treatments (P>0.05). The hormonal treatment and the body weight did not affect the total and daily milk yield, and length of lactation (P>0.05). Progestagen treated, heavier and better body condition scored animals had shorter open days, and returned to postpartum ovarian ciclicity faster than lighter animals