SIGN Network Manual for the Implementation of Standards for Fundaraising

SIGN Network Manual for the Implementation of Standards for Fundraising

Destruction of social capital in Germany in the interwar period — an Austrian perspective on the disaster

The accumulated capital of all charitable foundations existing in a country is the financial social capital of this nation. In Germany, the stock of charitable foundations which supports e. g. poor, disabled, ill, the elderly and helpless people has grown to around 100,000 until the beginning of the 20th century. The currency reform in 1923 devaluated most of the social capital. More than 90% of the charitable foundations were destroyed. From an Austrian perspective, the article sheds light on how this catastrophe could have happened. Main causes are the money policy and, in particular, state interventions in the foundation´s assets. These state interventions and the unintended side-effects are investigated and evaluated from the viewpoints of the Austrian School of Economics. Finally, the long-term effects of the gilt-edged rule for social capital and other capital-collecting agencies such as life insur- ance companies are examined for the further development of the German economy. Keywords: social capital, money policy, state interventions, spiral of interven- tion, charitable foundation, gilt-edged, destruction of foundation´s capital. JEL classification: D64, E14, E31, E40, E65. Resumen: El capital acumulado de todas las fundaciones caritativas existentes en un país representa su capital social financiero. En Alemania, el número de fundaciones de beneficencia que, por ejemplo, apoyan a personas pobres, discapacitadas, enfermas, ancianas y desamparadas ha crecido hasta alcan- zar alrededor de 100.000 hasta principios del siglo xx. La reforma monetaria de 1923 devaluó la mayor parte del capital social. Más del 90% de las funda- ciones caritativas fueron destruidas. Desde una perspectiva austríaca, el artículo arroja luz sobre cómo pudo haber ocurrido esta catástrofe. Las causas principales son la política monetaria y, en particular, las intervenciones estatales en el patrimonio de las fundaciones. Estas intervenciones estatales y los efectos secundarios no deseados se investi- gan y evalúan desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austríaca de Economía. Por último, se examinan a largo plazo los efectos de las normativas con garan- tía pupilar al capital social y a otras agencias de captación de capital, como las compañías de seguros de vida para el desarrollo posterior de la economía alemana. Palabras clave: capital social, política monetaria, intervenciones estatales, espiral de intervención, fundación benéfica, garantía de oro, destrucción del capital de la fundación. Clasificación JEL: D64, E14, E31, E40, E65.</jats:p

Studies on the life history of Diachrysia orichalcea Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Nactuidae) and its control through systematic insecticides, chemosterilants and other chemicals.

The present work studies the bionomics of P.orichalcea in detail and assesses the effectiveness of certain modern systematic insecticides and contact poisons, in addition to screening the effect of a few chemosterilants on the reproductive biology of the pest. The investigations are presented in two parts. Part I deals with the bionomics of P.orichalcea Part II contains investigations on the control of the semilooper by various methods. The survey was conducted in the year 1975 to ascertain the pest complex of not only "Hak" but of its close allies i.e. cabbage and cauliflower. The study revealed that the three vegetables are attacked upon by a number of insect pests, like pieris brassicae, plutella maculipennis, brevicornye brassicae and diacrisia obliqua

Goaf frictional ignition and its control measures in underground coal mines

Goaf Frictional Ignition (GFI) poses a serious threat to the safety of underground coal mines, and has caused many underground fires and catastrophic explosions. This paper examined occurrences of GFI incidents and the underlying mechanisms of ignition source and environment. Most of these incidents were attributed to rock on rock frictional ignition. The eventuation of frictional ignition relies on the presence of hot spots with enough incendive ignition energy, which requires a minimum threshold sliding distance and sliding velocity. The incendivity of the environment can be enhanced by the presence of liquid carbon hydrogen, the increase of virgin rock temperature, and the presence of hydrocarbon gases from thermal decomposition product of coal volatile. The paper discussed the newly proposed concerns on the varying incendivity of environment; finally it summarized the GFI engineering controls and discussed their applicability

Public : Being on Time

Periodical featuring a multi-disciplinary project which linked ten artists with students from Central Technical Secondary School in Toronto. Installations were devised especially for the school, and in some cases acted as interventions within the institution. This issue explores the themes of time, technology, art and education. Includes artists' pages, as well as theoretical essays on topics such as child psychoanalysis, digital media and temporality. In keeping with the interactive aspect of many of the works, this journal comprises a CD-Rom through which the viewer may visit the various sites. Biographical notes. 90 bibl. ref