62 research outputs found
Root resorption during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating or conventional brackets: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ghrelin Modulates the fMRI BOLD Response of Homeostatic and Hedonic Brain Centers Regulating Energy Balance in the Rat
The orexigenic gut-brain peptide, ghrelin and its G-protein coupled receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor
1a (GHS-R1A) are pivotal regulators of hypothalamic feeding centers and reward processing neuronal circuits of the brain.
These systems operate in a cooperative manner and receive a wide array of neuronal hormone/transmitter messages and
metabolic signals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed in the current study to map BOLD responses to
ghrelin in different brain regions with special reference on homeostatic and hedonic regulatory centers of energy balance.
Experimental groups involved male, ovariectomized female and ovariectomized estradiol-replaced rats. Putative modulation
of ghrelin signaling by endocannabinoids was also studied. Ghrelin-evoked effects were calculated as mean of the BOLD
responses 30 minutes after administration. In the male rat, ghrelin evoked a slowly decreasing BOLD response in all studied
regions of interest (ROI) within the limbic system. This effect was antagonized by pretreatment with GHS-R1A antagonist
JMV2959. The comparison of ghrelin effects in the presence or absence of JMV2959 in individual ROIs revealed significant
changes in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens of the telencephalon, and also within hypothalamic centers like the
lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus, paraventricular nucleus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. In the female rat, the
ghrelin effects were almost identical to those observed in males. Ovariectomy and chronic estradiol replacement had no
effect on the BOLD response. Inhibition of the endocannabinoid signaling by rimonabant significantly attenuated the
response of the nucleus accumbens and septum. In summary, ghrelin can modulate hypothalamic and mesolimbic
structures controlling energy balance in both sexes. The endocannabinoid signaling system contributes to the
manifestation of ghrelin’s BOLD effect in a region specific manner. In females, the estradiol milieu does not influence the
BOLD response to ghrelin
Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to enamel under different surface treatment conditions
A Guide to Medications Inducing Salivary Gland Dysfunction, Xerostomia, and Subjective Sialorrhea: A Systematic Review Sponsored by the World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI
The influence of adding modified zirconium oxide-titanium dioxide nano-particles on mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesive: an in vitro study
In-vitro-Erprobung eines Me�systems zur In-vivo-Erfassung orthodontisch wirkender Kr�fte und Momente bei der Multibandtechnik
A Numerical Simulation of Orthodontic Tooth Movement Produced by a Canine Retraction Spring
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