3 research outputs found
Les pratiques discursives de la Compagnie de Jésus et l’émergence du théâtre jésuitique de la mission au Brésil du XVIe siècle
Tese (doutorado)—Instituto de CiĂŞncias Humanas, Universidade de BrasĂlia, 2006.A questĂŁo de saber se Ă© possĂvel pensar diferentemente do que se pensa – e perceber diferentemente do que se vĂŞ – Ă© indispensável para continuar a olhar e refletir, alertava Foucault. Esse foi o desafio na construção do objeto desta tese: as práticas discursivas jesuĂticas e a emergĂŞncia do que denomino “teatro jesuĂtico da missĂŁo”. Para tal, considero-o enquanto experiĂŞncia singular, portadora de uma historicidade que se poderia desvelar, para descrever aquilo que lhe fosse constitutivo, as suas condições de possibilidade. Assumi, deste modo, uma perspectiva de análise que questiona a espessura histĂłrica que enuncia teatros e nomeia gentios, frente Ă aparente naturalidade e mesmo obviedade com que vem sendo apresentado o fazer teatro entre os gentios, no Brasil do sĂ©c. XVI. Uma postura que, ao contrário de uma narrativa seqĂĽencial de suas manifestações no tempo, identifique, isso sim, a sua raridade, como acontecimento, e as possĂveis matrizes que perpassavam e fundavam as práticas discursivas jesuĂticas, entre as quais se situava esta forma particular de teatro, quando este irrompeu e configurou-se no Brasil. Portanto, examino, os documentos e, parcialmente, o arquivo construĂdo pela Companhia de Jesus, arrolando fontes que nĂŁo costumam ser imantadas por estudiosos do fazer teatral dos jesuĂtas no espaço colonial do sĂ©c. XVI: cartas, prĂ©dicas, a chamada BĂblia de Nadal – que analiso como um livro-teatro –, os ExercĂcios Espirituais de Santo Inácio de Loyola, entre outros. O teatro jesuĂtico, deste modo, parece emergir, construir e ser construĂdo no interior das matrizes discursivas prĂłprias Ă emergĂŞncia do fazer jesuĂtico, no interior do arquivo, em torno da ordenação, da disciplina dos sentidos e, mais particularmente, do olhar, aquela [ordem] da contemplação que, mais do que vontade de imagens, revela-se vontade de verdade, a que produz imagens, cuja “correta” interpretação permite o agir em direção Ă implantação da verdade para si e para o mundo. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe question of knowing whether it is possible to think differently from the way one thinks – and to perceive differently from the way one sees – is indispensable for one to continue looking and reflecting, warned Foucault. This was the challenge in the building of the object of this thesis: the Jesuit discursive practices and the emergence of what I call “the Jesuit theater of the mission”. Thus, I consider it, while being a singular experiment, the bearer of a historicity that one could unveil, to describe that which would be a part of it, its condition of possibility. I assumed, thus, a perspective of analysis that questions the historical denseness which enunciates theaters and names gentile, before the apparent naturalness and even obviousness with which the making of the theater among the gentile in Brazil in the 16th century has been presented. A posture that, contrary to a sequential narrative of its manifestations in time, will indeed identify its rarity, as an event, and the possible matrixes that passed by and founded the Jesuit discursive practices, among which this particular form of theater was placed, when it emerged and was formed in Brazil. Therefore I examine the documents and parts of the archives put together by the Society of Jesus, collecting sources that are not usually used by those researching the theater making of the Jesuits in the colonial period of the 16th century: letters, sermons, the so-called Nadal’s Bible – which I analyze as a theater-book –, the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, among others. The Jesuit theater, thus, seems to emerge, build and be built in the inner part of the discursive matrixes pertaining to the emergence of the Jesuit task, in the archive, around the ordering, the discipline of the senses and, more specifically, the look, that [order] of contemplation that, more than the will to images, reveals itself as the will to truth, the one that produces images, whose “correct” interpretation allows the action towards the implantation of truth for itself and for the world. ________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉLa question de savoir s’il est possible penser diffĂ©remment de ce que l’on pense – et percevoir diffĂ©remment de ce que l’on voit – est indispensable pour continuer Ă regarder et Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir, comme alertait Foucault. Celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© le dĂ©fit au cours de la construction de l’objet de cette thèse: les pratiques discursives jĂ©suitiques et l’émergence de ce que j’appelle “théâtre jĂ©suitique de la mission”. Pour cela, je le considère en tant qu’une expĂ©rience singulière, porteuse d’une historicitĂ© que l’on pourrait devoiler, pour dĂ©crire ce que lui serait constitutif, leurs conditions de possibilitĂ©. J’ai ainsi assumĂ© une perspective d’analyse qui questionne l’épaisseur historique qui Ă©nonce théâtres et nomme gentios, devant le naturel apparent, ou mĂŞme l’évident, avec lequel le faire théâtre parmi les gentios au BrĂ©sil du XVIe siècle est souvent prĂ©sentĂ©. Cette posture, en opposition Ă un rĂ©cit sĂ©quentiel de ses manifestations dans le temps, identifie sa raretĂ©, en tant qu’évènement, et les possibles matrices qui suivaient et fondaient les pratiques discursives jĂ©suitiques, parmi lesquelles se situait cette forme particulière de théâtre, lorsque celui-ci a fait irruption et a pris sa configuration au BrĂ©sil. J’examine, donc, les documents et partiellement de l’archive construit par la Compagnie de JĂ©sus, en utilisant des sources qui, d’habitude, ne sont pas Ă©voquĂ©es par ces qui Ă©tudient le faire théâtral des jĂ©suites dans l’espace colonial du XVIe siècle: lettres, prĂ©dications, la dĂ©nommĂ©e Bible de Nadal – que j’analyse comme un livre-théâtre – , les Exercices Spirituels de Saint-Ignace de Loyola, parmi d’autres. De cette manière, le théâtre jĂ©suitique semble Ă©merger, construire et ĂŞtre construit Ă l’intĂ©rieur des matrices discursives propres Ă l’émergence du faire jĂ©suitique, Ă l’intĂ©rieur de l’ archive, autour de l’ordination, de la discipline des sens et, plus particulièrement, du regard, celle de la contemplation qui, plus que volontĂ© d’images, se rĂ©vèle volontĂ© de vĂ©ritĂ©, celle qui produit des images, dont l’interprĂ©tation “exacte” permet l’action vers l’implantation de la vĂ©ritĂ© pour soi et pour le monde