Weed community and growth under the canopy of trees adapted to the brazilian semi-arid region Comunidade e crescimento de plantas daninhas sob a copa de árvores adaptadas ao semi-árido brasileiro

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the floristic composition and dry biomass of weeds under the canopy of seven perennial species adapted to the Semi-Arid region of Brazil, and correlate these characteristics with growth traits of the perennial species. The following perennial species were evaluated in two experiments (E1 and E2): mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), jucá (Caesalpinia ferrea), white popinac (Leucaena leucocephala), mofumbo (Combretum leprosum), neem (Azadirachata indica), sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica). In E1, the seven species were evaluated in a random block design with four replicates and nine plants per plot. In E2, evaluation comprised four species (mesquite, jucá, white popinac, and tamarind) in a random block design with eight replicates and nine plants per plot. A circle with an area of 1.77 m² was established around the trunk of each plant, two years after they were transplanted to the permanent location. The weeds collected within this circle were cut even with the ground, classified and weighed. At this time, plant height, and crown and stem diameters were evaluated in all trees of each plot. In E1 there were no differences between tree species as to weed frequency under their canopies; however, weed growth was smaller under the canopy of sabiá trees. Mesquite and sabiá had the greatest plant height and crown diameter means, but only sabiá had the greatest stem diameter. In E2, the perennial species were not different with regard to weed frequency and growth under their canopies, but mesquite had the greatest growth, as measured by plant height (with significant results for jucá as well) and crown and stem diameter.<br>Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a composição florística e a biomassa de plantas daninhas sob a copa de sete espécies perenes adaptadas à região semi-árida do Brasil, e correlacionar essas características com características do crescimento das espécies perenes. As seguintes espécies perenes foram avaliadas em dois experimentos (E1 e E2): algaroba (Prosopis juliflora), jucá (Caesalpinia ferrea), leucena (Leucena leucocephala), mofumbo (Combretum leprosum), nim (Azadirachta indica), sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) e tamarindo (Tamarindus indica). Em E1, as sete espécies foram avaliadas em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e nove plantas por parcela. Em E2, a avaliação compreendeu quatro espécies (algaroba, jucá, leucena e tamarindo) no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com oito repetições e nove plantas por parcela. Um círculo com área de 1,77 m² foi estabelecido ao redor do caule de cada planta, dois anos após o transplantio dela para o local definitivo. As plantas daninhas coletadas no interior desse círculo foram cortadas rente ao solo, classificadas e pesadas. Nessa ocasião, foram avaliados os diâmetros do caule e da copa e a altura de todas as árvores de cada parcela. Em E1, não existiram diferenças entre espécies arbóreas quanto à freqüência de plantas daninhas sob suas copas. Contudo, o crescimento das plantas daninhas foi menor sob a copa da sabiá. Algaroba e sabiá apresentaram os maiores diâmetro da copa e altura da planta, mas apenas sabiá apresentou o maior diâmetro do caule. Em E2, as espécies perenes não diferiram quanto à freqüência e crescimento das plantas daninhas sob suas copas, mas a algaroba apresentou o maior crescimento, medido pelos diâmetros da copa e do caule e altura da planta

Qualidade da bebida de café de frutos cereja submetidos a diferentes manejos pós-colheita Quality of coffee drink from fruits submitted to different post-harvest management practices

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da bebida de café obtida de frutos cereja submetidos a diferentes práticas de manejo pós-colheita, considerando-se infecções iniciadas na planta e persistentes durante o tempo de exposição às fontes infectantes. Admitiu-se que os grãos de cereja recolhidos na planta têm máximo potencial de qualidade da bebida, avaliada por meio de testes rápidos e análise sensorial. Foram adotados oito tratamentos, formados pela combinação de quatro manejos pós-colheita e frutos de café com e sem desinfecção por cloreto de benzalcônio. A qualidade da bebida de grãos de frutos cereja não foi prejudicada pelo manejo pós-colheita, mesmo sob exposição às infecções por até 12 horas após a derriça. Os testes rápidos não se correlacionaram com a análise sensorial da bebida, e o teste da condutividade elétrica foi mais sensível que o da lixiviação de potássio. Ambos indicaram alterações nos grãos de frutos expostos às infecções após seis horas da colheita. A desinfecção superficial dos frutos foi eficiente até a primeira hora após a imersão, diminuindo o número de frutos infectados por Cladosporium sp., Penicillum sp. e Alternaria sp.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the coffee drink from fruits with different post-harvest management practices, considering the initial plant disease infection and during the coffee fruit exposition period. The following basic assumptions were defined: the harvested grain from the plant has higher coffee fruit drink potential quality, and the quality can be evaluated using fast tests and sensorial analysis. Eight treatments were established based on the post-harvest management with and without benzalcone chloride disinfection. The coffee fruit drink quality was not affected by the post-harvest management, including the treatment with 12 hours grain exposition after harvest. The fast tests were not correlated with the coffee drink sensorial analysis. The electric conductivity test was more sensitive than the potassium lixiviation test, and the grain modification occurred after six hours of fruit exposition. The efficiency of fruit superficial disinfection was verified during the first hour after immersion, decreasing the number of fruits infected by Cladosporium sp., Penicillum sp. and Alternaria sp

Long-term survival of patients with CLL after allogeneic transplantation: A report from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

PubMed ID: 27941763Even with the availability of targeted drugs, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only therapy with curative potential for patients with CLL. Cure can be assessed by comparing long-term survival of patients to the matched general population. Using data from 2589 patients who received allo-HCT between 2000 and 2010, we used landmark analyses and methods from relative survival analysis to calculate excess mortality compared with an age-, sex- and calendar year-matched general population. Estimated event-free survival, overall survival and non-relapse mortality (NRM) 10 years after allo-HCT were 28% (95% confidence interval (CI), 25-31), 35% (95% CI, 32-38) and 40% (95% CI, 37-42), respectively. Patients who passed the 5-year landmark event-free survival (N=394) had a 79% probability (95% CI, 73-85) of surviving the subsequent 5 years without an event. Relapse and NRM contributed equally to treatment failure. Five-year mortality for 45- and 65-year-old reference patients who were event-free at the 5-year landmark was 8% and 47% compared with 3% and 14% in the matched general population, respectively. The prospect of long-term disease-free survival remains an argument to consider allo-HCT for young patients with high-risk CLL, and programs to understand and prevent late causes of failure for long-term survivors are warranted, especially for older patients. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature