QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER II, 2015

This paper provides current analysis of the ongoing quarter, and brief outlook on the forthcoming quarter. We use a field survey along with estimation of macroeconomic models to provide the assessment and to make some projections on the monetary, the banking, and the payment system in Indonesia. This paper confirms the slowdown of the Indonesian economy during quarter two 2015 due to the slowing investment and the government expenditure, and the weak export performance. With the fiscal stimulus launched by the government, we expect to see an improvement in next two quarters. The lower current account deficit and manageable inflation will help to maintain the macroeconomic stability; however, the high global uncertainty will put depreciation pressure on Rupiah

QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER IV-2015

Indonesia ‘s economy in the fourth quarter 2015 was marked by maintained macroeconomic and financial system stability, with a starting economic growth momentum. Macroeconomic stability reflected by lower inflationary pressures, a current account deficit in a healthy level, and manageable pressure on Rupiah. The stability of the financial system remains solid, underpinned by the resilience of the banking system and the relatively stong financial market performance. As the third quarter of 2015, economic growth in the fourth quarter 2015 increased mainly driven by government spending. Looking ahead, economic growth is expected to be higher, with the support of fiscal stimulus, particularly a faster implementation of infrastructure projects, and also with the increase of private investmen

QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER IV, 2016

The Indonesian economy recorded development in Quarter 4, 2016. The growth increased with sound macroeconomic and financial system stability. The growth was supported by the growth ofhousehold consumption, better performance of investment, and the raise of export. On the other hand, the macroeconomic stability is well maintained as reflected on lower inflation, decreasing current account deficit, and stable Rupiah against foreign exchange. Domestic economy improves in accordance with the lower global financial risk and provides room for easing monetary policy on Quarter IV, 2016. The central bank lower the policy rate is well transmitted and is expected to strenghthen the growth momentum of economy ahead. Looking forward however, we still have to keep an eye on several external and domestic risks. For these reasons, Bank Indonesia keeps strengthening its monetary and macroprudential policy mix, and its coordination with the government in order to maintain the macroeconmoic stability, supporting the growth, and accelerate the structural reforms. The Indonesian economy recorded development in Quarter 4, 2016. The growth increased with more sound macroeconomic and financial system stability. The growth was supported by the growth of household consumption, better performance of investment, and the raise of export. On the other hand, the macroeconomic stability is well maintained as reflected on lower inflation, decreasing current account deficit, and stable Rupiah against foreign exchange. Domestic economy improves in accordance with the lower global financial risk and provides room for easing monetary policy on Quarter IV, 2016. The central bank lower the policy rate is well transmitted and is expected to strenghthen the growth momentum of economy ahead. Looking forward however, we still have to keep an eye on several external and domestic risks. For these reasons, Bank Indonesia keeps strengthening its monetary and macroprudential policy mix, and its coordination with the government in order to maintain the macroeconmoic stability, supporting the growth, and accelerate the structural reforms.

QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER III, 2016

The growth of Indonesian economy on Quarter III, 2016 recorded positive growth with a wellmaintained financial system and macroeconomic stability. The economy grew moderately supported by remaining strong domestic demand amidst the slow recovery of the global economy. The economic stability is also good reflected on the low inflation, decreasing current account deficit, and relatively stable exchange rate. An increase of domestic economy and lower global financial risk enable monetary ease on Quarter III, 2016. Furthermore, the reduction of interest rate policy is well transmitted and is expected to strengthen the growth momentum of the economy. Looking forward, Bank Indonesia will keep strengthening his policy mix and macroprudential, and his coordination with the government to ensure the inflation control, greater stimulus for growth, and the implementation of structural reform run on the right track, and hence preserve the sustainable economic development

QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER II, 2016

The growth of Indonesian economy on Quarter II, 2016 increased with a well-maintained financial system and macroeconomic stability. Though the growth was not uniform across sectors, the aggregate growth has increased during this quarter, supported by domestic demand, fiscal stimulus, along with monetary policy ease. On the other hand, the macroeconomic stability was well preserved as reflected on inflation within the band target, a better current account deficit, and relatively stable Rupiah’s rate. This stable macroeconomic condition enabled the monetary authority to ease their policy. In the future, the policy coordination between the fiscal and the monetary authority is required, particularly on accelerating the implementation of structural reform, to support a sustainable economic growth

QUARTERLY OUTLOOK ON MONETARY, BANKING, AND PAYMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA: QUARTER I, 2016

The growth of domestic economy in Indonesia is lower than forecasted in first quarter of 2016. However, the economy is expected to revive and will grow higher in the next quarter, with a well maintained financial system stability. The limited growth of government consumption as well as private investment are the main reason for the slower growth in this quarter, eventhough the government spending on capital goods accelerates. The growth of private consumption remains high with reasonable price movement. With the increase of several commodities’ export, the external performance of export in aggregate also increased. On the other hand, the financial system stability was stable due to viable banking system and better financial market performance. The stability of Rupiah was well maintained, supported by positive expectation on domestic economy and the lower risk of the global financial market

Radiation-induced accelerated aging of the brain vasculature in young adult survivors of childhood brain tumors

Background. Cranial radiotherapy may damage the cerebral vasculature. The aim of this study was to understand the prevalence and risk factors of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in childhood brain tumors (CBT) survivors treated with radiotherapy.Methods. Seventy CBT survivors who received radiotherapy were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a median 20 years after radiotherapy cessation. The prevalence of and risk factors for CVD were investigated using MRI, MRA, and laboratory testing. Tumors, their treatment, and stroke-related data were retrieved from patients' files.Results. Forty-four individuals (63%) had CVD at a median age of 27 years (range, 16-43 years). The prevalence rates at 20 years for CVD, small-vessel disease, and large-vessel disease were 52%, 38%, and 16%, respectively. Ischemic infarcts were diagnosed in 6 survivors, and cerebral hemorrhage in 2. Lacunar infarcts were present in 7, periventricular or deep WMHs in 34 (49%), and mineralizing microangiopathy in 21 (30%) survivors. Multiple pathologies were detected in 44% of the participants, and most lesions were located in a high-dose radiation area. Higher blood pressure was associated with CVD and a presence of WMHs. Higher cholesterol levels increased the risk of ischemic infarcts and WMHs, and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein and higher waist circumference increased the risk of lacunar infarcts.Conclusions. Treating CBTs with radiotherapy increases the risk of early CVD and WMHs in young adult survivors. These results suggest an urgent need for investigating CVD prevention in CBT patients.</div

Advances in structure elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry

The structural elucidation of small molecules using mass spectrometry plays an important role in modern life sciences and bioanalytical approaches. This review covers different soft and hard ionization techniques and figures of merit for modern mass spectrometers, such as mass resolving power, mass accuracy, isotopic abundance accuracy, accurate mass multiple-stage MS(n) capability, as well as hybrid mass spectrometric and orthogonal chromatographic approaches. The latter part discusses mass spectral data handling strategies, which includes background and noise subtraction, adduct formation and detection, charge state determination, accurate mass measurements, elemental composition determinations, and complex data-dependent setups with ion maps and ion trees. The importance of mass spectral library search algorithms for tandem mass spectra and multiple-stage MS(n) mass spectra as well as mass spectral tree libraries that combine multiple-stage mass spectra are outlined. The successive chapter discusses mass spectral fragmentation pathways, biotransformation reactions and drug metabolism studies, the mass spectral simulation and generation of in silico mass spectra, expert systems for mass spectral interpretation, and the use of computational chemistry to explain gas-phase phenomena. A single chapter discusses data handling for hyphenated approaches including mass spectral deconvolution for clean mass spectra, cheminformatics approaches and structure retention relationships, and retention index predictions for gas and liquid chromatography. The last section reviews the current state of electronic data sharing of mass spectra and discusses the importance of software development for the advancement of structure elucidation of small molecules

Fitoremediasi limbah budidaya sidat menggunakan filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari filamentous algae (Spirogyra sp.) sebagai agen bioremediasi dalam mereduksi kandungan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan perbedaan dosis limbah (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100%). Wadah penelitian berupa akuarium resirkulasi menggunakan sistem carrousel. Dilakukan pengukuran secara rutin terhadap beberapa parameter kualitas air serta perubahan bobot Spirogyra sp. selama dua minggu retensi. Diperoleh hasil bahwa penurunan konsentrasi bahan organik menggunakan Spirogyra sp. berlangsung efektif hingga hari keenam. Spirogyra sp. mampu mentolelir limbah budidaya sidat pada dosis limbah 25% dan 50%. Spirogyra sp. pada perlakuan dosis limbah 50% memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menurunkan bahan organik limbah budidaya sidat