Kestävä kehitys globaalissa muotiteollisuudessa

Sustainable development is a phenomenon that interest a growing number of consumers. De-spite this, the implementation of its central ideas has been vastly unsuccessful in the field of fashion industry, which remains one of the biggest polluters in the world (Niinimäki et al 2020). This paper takes a look at the central challenges of the implementation of the sustainable development in the fashion industry. The challenges are discussed with the help of a few terms that can be seen as important to the sustainable development ideology of today: circular economy (CE), corporate social responsibility (CSR) and extended producer responsibility (EPR). The modern fashion industry is characterized by a vastly globalized manufacturing supply chain (Boström and Micheletti 2016). This causes multiple challenges in the terms of the environmental and social impact of the industry, from transportation emissions (Filho et al 2019) and pre-consumer waste due to lax design-producer collaboration (Islam et al 2021), to safety violations (Lund-Thomsen and Lindgreen 2014). Besides this, the fast fashion business model, which relies on producing cheap, low-quality clothes that correspond to rapidly changing fashion trends (Ertekin and Atik 2015), contributes to globally growing numbers of fabric waste (Niinimäki et al 2020). Circular economy business model attempts at fighting the negative effects of the fast fashion industry by offering alternative way of designing clothes that takes into account the whole life cycle of the product, from beginning until the end (Levänen et al 2021). The conclusion of the paper is that while some sustainability schemes are already in place around the world, more effort is needed in order to make true change in the fashion industry. Mont and Power (2010) and Niinimäki et al (2020) recommend the focus should be shifted from the actions of individual consumers to wider systems that keep up the growing consumption. Additionally, more research into the economic profitability of sustainability schemes such as business strategies based on CE is needed, in order to motivate companies to initiate them (Levänen et al 2021, Jia et al 2020)

Cell-autonomous correction of ring chromosomes in human induced pluripotent stem cells

Ring chromosomes are structural aberrations commonly associated with birth defects, mental disabilities, and growth retardation(1,2). Rings form upon fusion of the long and short arms of a chromosome, sometimes associated with large terminal deletions(2). Due to the severity of these large-scale aberrations affecting multiple contiguous genes, no possible therapeutic strategies for ring chromosome disorders have so far been proposed. During cell division ring chromosomes can exhibit unstable behavior, leading to continuous production of aneuploid progeny with low viability and high cellular death rate(3-9). The overall consequences of this chromosomal instability have been largely unexplored in experimental model systems. Here we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)(10-12) from patient fibroblasts containing ring chromosomes with large deletions and found that reprogrammed cells lost the abnormal chromosome and duplicated the wild type homologue via the compensatory uniparental disomy (UPD) mechanism. The karyotypically normal iPSCs with isodisomy for the corrected chromosome outcompeted co-existing aneuploid populations, allowing rapid and efficient isolation of patient-derived iPSCs devoid of the original chromosomal aberration. Our results suggest a fundamentally different function of cellular reprogramming as a means of “chromosome therapy”(13) to reverse combined loss-of-function across many genes in cells with large-scale aberrations involving ring structures. In addition, our work provides an experimentally tractable human cellular model system for studying mechanisms of chromosomal number control, which is of critical relevance to human development and disease