Linear electro optic coefficients r13 and r33 of in barium-calcium-titanate crystals doped with rhodium (BaxCa1-xTiO3 : Rh) at 633nm and 850nm

We present the electro optic properties of rhodium-doped barium calcium titanate (BCT) crystals of the congruent melting composition Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3, in carrying out two types of measurements: electro optic (EO) and absorption. The studied coefficients are r13 and r33 as ordinary and extraordinary waves are involved respectively, the polarized absorption spectra of rhodium-doped barium-calcium-titanate (Rh: BCT) are recorded from 400nm to 1100nm. We propose an experimental investigation of the EO coefficients, for two different wavelengths corresponding to strong and weak absorption, based on an interferometric set-up. A static electric field is applied out the sample under study, leading to the measurement of the r13 and r33 coefficients. While the phase transition is shifted to the low temperature in compared with BaTiO3 the electro optic coefficients save a high values. Because of the phase transition at low temperatures the values of the coefficients are high compared with BaTiO3.We present the electro optic properties of rhodium-doped barium calcium titanate (BCT) crystals of the congruent melting composition Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3, in carrying out two types of measurements: electro optic (EO) and absorption. The studied coefficients are r13 and r33 as ordinary and extraordinary waves are involved respectively, the polarized absorption spectra of rhodium-doped barium-calcium-titanate (Rh: BCT) are recorded from 400nm to 1100nm. We propose an experimental investigation of the EO coefficients, for two different wavelengths corresponding to strong and weak absorption, based on an interferometric set-up. A static electric field is applied out the sample under study, leading to the measurement of the r13 and r33 coefficients. While the phase transition is shifted to the low temperature in compared with BaTiO3 the electro optic coefficients save a high values. Because of the phase transition at low temperatures the values of the coefficients are high compared with BaTiO3

Investigation Of Nanoscale Dielectric Polarization And Refractive Indices Of BaTiO3 Surfaces And Ultrathin Films

The surface and interface effects on the dielectric polarization and refractive indices of BaTiO3 single crystals and BaTiO3 ultrathin films on SrTiO3 single crystal substrates are investigated theoretically by using a microscopic model based on the orbital approximation in correlation with the dipole-dipole interaction. The spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 single crystals is drastically reduced near the c-surface. For BaTiO3/SrTiO3 films, the spontaneous polarization is reduced in the film as its thickness decreases. However, an electronic polarization appears within the SrTiO3 substrate in the neighborhood of the interface. This polarization, which vanishes far away from the interface into the SrTiO3 bulk, is induced by the polarization of the BaTiO3 film. Furthermore, we find the refractive index either for BaTiO3 single crystals or for BaTiO3 films and SrTiO3 substrates to be strongly reduced for light polarized perpendicular to the surface.The surface and interface effects on the dielectric polarization and refractive indices of BaTiO3 single crystals and BaTiO3 ultrathin films on SrTiO3 single crystal substrates are investigated theoretically by using a microscopic model based on the orbital approximation in correlation with the dipole-dipole interaction. The spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 single crystals is drastically reduced near the c-surface. For BaTiO3/SrTiO3 films, the spontaneous polarization is reduced in the film as its thickness decreases. However, an electronic polarization appears within the SrTiO3 substrate in the neighborhood of the interface. This polarization, which vanishes far away from the interface into the SrTiO3 bulk, is induced by the polarization of the BaTiO3 film. Furthermore, we find the refractive index either for BaTiO3 single crystals or for BaTiO3 films and SrTiO3 substrates to be strongly reduced for light polarized perpendicular to the surface

DYNAMIC DISORDER AT INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE AND ITS EFFECT ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR κ-(BEDTTTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br

The k-(BEDT-TTF)X superconducting salts, [where BEDT-TTF is bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene, abbreviated as ET, and X is a monovalent anion like Cu[N(CN) ]Br 2 , and for either Cu[N(CN) ]Cl 2 or ( )2 Cu NCN and so on], exhibit interestinmagnetic and superconducting phase transitions [1]. They are quasi-two-dimensional and the interplane coupling is very weak. The basic structural unit is a dimer consisting of two BEDTTTF molecules stacked on top of one another. This layered structure leads to highly anisotropic electronic properties. These organic superconductors have similar characteristic superconducting properties including the intrinsic Josephson Effect and the mixed-state properties. This similarity suggests the existence of the vortex phase transition in the organic layered superconductors as observed in HTSC. Because the temperature scale is much lower in organic materials, the thermal fluctuation is expected to be small compared to HTSC. Thus, the comparison between the high-Tc and organic superconductors can give important clues as to the nature of vortex phase transitions. Besides these anomalies around 50 K, unusual time dependencies in magnetic and transport properties have been reported for both deuterated and hydrogenated k-Br near 80 K. For - H - Br 8 k , the superconducting properties have been found to depend on the thermal history, in particular on how fast the sample had been cooled through 80 K. As mentioned above, the ground state of - D - Br 8 k is strongly sample-dependent: both superconducting as well as non-superconducting crystals are found. Furthermore, superconducting as well as insulating (possibly antiferromagnetic) phases in separated volume parts of the same sample have been reported. Their relative volume fraction was found to depend on the cooling rate Vc employed at around 80 K[2-3-4]: in fast cooled samples, a strong decrease of the diamagnetic signal has been observed, which has been interpreted as indicating a suppression of the superconducting in favour of the magnetic phase

Flux flow noise in high Tc superconductors thin films

We have studied the fraction pinned of vortex in a type II superconductors. The sample used is the YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films. This fraction pinned is determined from the comparison of the experimental results and the theoretical results previously definite. In continuation one will study the variations of this fraction according to the temperature of the applied magnetic field and the electric current crossing the sample.We have studied the fraction pinned of vortex in a type II superconductors. The sample used is the YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films. This fraction pinned is determined from the comparison of the experimental results and the theoretical results previously definite. In continuation one will study the variations of this fraction according to the temperature of the applied magnetic field and the electric current crossing the sample

Interplay between the glassy transition and granular superconductivity in organic materials

It is known that some (BEDT-TTF)2X layered organic superconductors undergo a glassy transition near 80 K. Our purpose is to exploit quenched disorder to get new insights on both the superconducting state (T < 12 K) and the glassy transition by studying the superconducting properties as functions of annealing time (ta) and temperature (Ta) around 80 K. The main results on the fully deuterated kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br compound are: 1) The data can be described by a percolation cluster model. 2) At short time scales, the clusters grow with ta following a power law. 3) At large time scales the clusters grow toward a thermodynamic state following a stretched exponential law in (1 - exp(-(t/tau)beta)with beta varying from about 0.5 to 1 in our Ta range (65 - 110 K). 4) The relaxation time follows an Arrhenius law tau(T)=tau0exp(U/T) with U around 2660 K and 1/tau0 around 2x1013 s-1. 5) The asymptotic magnetization fits with a scaling law with Tg around 55K and n around 3.2. The results are consistent with a Ising spin-glass-like model.Comment: 17 pages; 4 figure

Pinning of vortices in superconductors at high critical temperature

Due to problem identification and enumeration of defects in HTC superconductors, the correlation between current density and the transition of vortex pinning volume is not completely mastered. However, many theoretical and experimental studies have been developed to better understand the problem of dissipation due to vortices in type II superconductors

Vortex phase transition and superconducting properties of organic quasi-two-dimensional k-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu[N(CN) 2 ]Br

International audienceWe report investigations of the low temperature dc susceptibility and the magnetization on the layered organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br near 80K and the effect of disorder on the superconducting transition temperature Tc. The shielding effect (S) and the critical current density Jc were studied (with H parallel to the c axis of the crystal). Jc can be estimated by analysis of magnetic hysteresis measurement using the Bean model. For each temperature value, we observed two regimes in the critical current density Jc(H). This result implies that there exists a first-order phase transition in the vortex system in this organic superconductor. Our results show that the magnetic properties of these compounds depend strongly on the cooling rate. The structural transformation which occurs at the vicinity of 80K very strongly influences the physics of vortex lattice and the associated magnetic behavior

Correlation between band structure and magneto-transport properties in far-infrared detector modulated nanostructures superlattice

We report here carrier’s magneto-transport properties and the band structure results for II-IV semiconductors. HgTe is a zero gap semiconductor when it is sandwiched between CdTe layers to yield to a small gap HgTe/CdTe superlattice which is the key of an infrared detector. Our sample, grown by MBE, had a period d (100 layers) of 18 nm (HgTe) / 4.4 nm (CdTe). Calculations of the spectra of energy E(kz) and E(kp), respectively, in the direction of growth and in the plane of the superlattice were performed in the envelope function formalism. The angular dependence of the transverse magnetoresistance follows the two-dimensional (2D) behavior with Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. At low temperature, the sample exhibits p type conductivity with a hole mobility of 900 cm²/V.s. A reversal the sign of the weak-field Hall coefficient occurs at 25 K with an electron mobility of 3 104 cm2/Vs. In intrinsic regime, the measured Eg ≈ 38 meV agrees with calculated Eg(Γ,300 K) = 34 meV which coincide with the Fermi level energy. The formalism used here predicts that this narrow gap sample is semi metallic, quasi-two-dimensional and far-infrared detector.We report here carrier’s magneto-transport properties and the band structure results for II-IV semiconductors. HgTe is a zero gap semiconductor when it is sandwiched between CdTe layers to yield to a small gap HgTe/CdTe superlattice which is the key of an infrared detector. Our sample, grown by MBE, had a period d (100 layers) of 18 nm (HgTe) / 4.4 nm (CdTe). Calculations of the spectra of energy E(kz) and E(kp), respectively, in the direction of growth and in the plane of the superlattice were performed in the envelope function formalism. The angular dependence of the transverse magnetoresistance follows the two-dimensional (2D) behavior with Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations. At low temperature, the sample exhibits p type conductivity with a hole mobility of 900 cm²/V.s. A reversal the sign of the weak-field Hall coefficient occurs at 25 K with an electron mobility of 3 104 cm2/Vs. In intrinsic regime, the measured Eg ≈ 38 meV agrees with calculated Eg(Γ,300 K) = 34 meV which coincide with the Fermi level energy. The formalism used here predicts that this narrow gap sample is semi metallic, quasi-two-dimensional and far-infrared detector

The critical current density and the vortex pinning in high quality YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films

We have measured the critical current density Jc of high quality c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films. Measurements were performed for various magnetic field and temperature values, and as a function of the angle q between the c-axis and the applied magnetic field direction. A maximum of the critical current density was obtained when the flux lines are aligned along the CuO planes (q = 90°); another maximum in Jc was also observed when the magnetic field is adjusted parallel to the c-axis. We attribute these effects to different, intrinsic and extrinsic, pinning mechanisms of vortices in the sample.We have measured the critical current density Jc of high quality c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-d thin films. Measurements were performed for various magnetic field and temperature values, and as a function of the angle q between the c-axis and the applied magnetic field direction. A maximum of the critical current density was obtained when the flux lines are aligned along the CuO planes (q = 90°); another maximum in Jc was also observed when the magnetic field is adjusted parallel to the c-axis. We attribute these effects to different, intrinsic and extrinsic, pinning mechanisms of vortices in the sample

The vortex motion and the magnetization study in YBa2Cu3O7-d single crystal

We have investigated the vortex motion and the magnetization of high critical temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-d Measurements were made using a vibrating sample magnetometer technique. Several magnetization hysteresis cycles have been obtained for different angles, θ, between the applied magnetic field, H, and the crystallographic c-axis. For T = 30 K we observed a central peak and for T = 80 K we observed a second peak or "fishtail".We have investigated the vortex motion and the magnetization of high critical temperature superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-d Measurements were made using a vibrating sample magnetometer technique. Several magnetization hysteresis cycles have been obtained for different angles, θ, between the applied magnetic field, H, and the crystallographic c-axis. For T = 30 K we observed a central peak and for T = 80 K we observed a second peak or "fishtail"