Análise da expansão da agricultura de grãos na região de Santarém e Belterra, Oeste do estado do Pará.

The images obtained from orbital platforms have been used for the analysis of many occupation processes of the Amazon region along the years. Nevertheless, analyses that have only one date of passage portray just a point in time and, for that, do not explain the occupation process of the region. The evolution of the mechanical agriculture in the towns of Belterra and Santarém, in the west side of Pará state, is causing a series of conflicts between the producers and the environmental movements because of the hypothesis of the expansion of the cultivated area in detriment of the areas of forest formation. Through a time series analysis that uses images from the sensors MSS and TM Landsat from 1975, 1986, 1997, 1999, 2004 and 2005, using digital classification and an intense field work, it was possible to observe the dynamic of the use and the discovery of the land. The results show that there was a reduction of 25% of the forest in the last 30 years. Although the main landscape is the forest formation, it was found that the use of the land with the most occupied area are the regions destinated to the agriculture and cattle activities and which are related to the producers of different levels of technology who try to combine a series of productive systems, aiming the diversity of the natural resources. In addition, it was possible to observe that, unlike other regions in the Amazon, the areas of secondary vegetation presented a high growth in the analyzed time period. Finally it is noticed that the culture of grains was implemented, mostly, in areas that were altered and used for pasture, secondary vegetation and agriculture and livestock activities (related to small and medium producers), having been converted a total of 435 km2 of forest from the year of 1999 to 2004, representing 8% of the total planted area in that year. Although we notice a smaller impact in the environmental context, the direct conversion of the agriculture and livestock class into the grain plantation seems to indicate a process of land concentration and migration of smallholder farmers to the urban areas and/ or new fronts of occupation. This social impact, already observed in Santarém suburbs, should be object of study for the government, mainly concerning the elaboration and implementation of a specific agricultural politics for the Amazon and should enable the smallholder farmer the maintenance of his land and food production

A Amazônia pode se tornar uma grande região de pecuária bovina sustentável?

A biblioteca possui o trabalho completo, copiado de CD-ROM (SP 4937

Automatic Routing System for Intelligent Warehouses

Automation of logistic processes is essential to improve productivity and reduce costs. In this context, intelligent warehouses are becoming a key to logistic systems thanks to their ability of optimizing transportation tasks and, consequently, reducing costs. This paper initially presents briefly routing systems applied on intelligent warehouses. Then, we present the approach used to develop our router system. This router system is able to solve traffic jams and collisions, generate conflict-free and optimized paths before sending the final paths to the robotic forklifts. It also verifies the progress of all tasks. When a problem occurs, the router system can change the task priorities, routes, etc. in order to avoid new conflicts. In the routing simulations, each vehicle executes its tasks starting from a predefined initial pose, moving to the desired position. Our algorithm is based on Dijkstra's shortest path and the time window approaches and it was implemented in C language. Computer simulation tests were used to validate the algorithm efficiency under different working conditions. Several simulations were carried out using the Player/Stage Simulator to test the algorithms. Thanks to the simulations, we could solve many faults and refine the algorithms before embedding them in real robots.Comment: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, International workshop on Robotics and Intelligent Transportation System, Full Day Workshop, May 7th 2010, Anchorage, Alaska. Organizers,Christian Laugier (INRIA, France), Ming Lin (University of North Carolina, USA), Philippe Martinet IFMA and LASMEA, France),Urbano Nunes (ISR, Portugal

Irrigador Doméstico de Controle via Web

This work presents an Arduino based device that allows users to remotely water their domestic plants. The device is basicaly composed of an Arduino Uno as well as an Arduino Ethernet Shield connected to a water valve that controls if the water will pass or not depending on the user’s desire. Besides this, the system is also composed of a web interface that controls the device via internet. In other words, this work describes the construction and the functioning of a domestic irrigation system that allows the users to travel, work or hang out without worrying about their domestic plants hydration

Molecular Data Reveal Complex Hybridization and a Cryptic Species of Neotropical Wild Cat

SummaryHybridization among animal species has recently become more recognized as an important phenomenon, especially in the context of recent radiations [1–9]. Here we show that complex hybridization has led to contrasting patterns of genomic composition among closely related species of the Neotropical cat genus Leopardus. We show strong evidence of ancient hybridization and introgression between the pampas cat (L. colocolo) and northeastern populations of tigrina (L. tigrinus), leading to remarkable cytonuclear discordance in the latter. In contrast, southern tigrina populations show recent and continuing hybridization with Geoffroy’s cat (L. geoffroyi), leading to extreme levels of interspecific admixture at their contact zone. Finally, we demonstrate that two seemingly continuous Brazilian tigrina populations show no evidence of ongoing gene flow between them, leading us to support their formal recognition as distinct species, namely L. tigrinus in the northeast and L. guttulus in the south

Clinical effectiveness and safety of analogue glargine in type 1 diabetes : systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: The use of insulin analogues for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is widespread; however, the therapeutic benefits still require further evaluation given their higher costs. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Analogue Glargine (AG) compared to Recombinant DNA insulin (rDNA) in patients with DM1 in observational studies, building on previous reviews of RCTs comparing NPH insulin and AG. METHODS: A systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis. The SR included cohort studies and registries available on PUBMED, LILACS, and CENTRAL as well as manual and gray literature searches. The meta-analysis was conducted in Review Manager ® 5.2 software. The primary outcomes were: glycohemoglobin (Hb1Ac), weight gain and hypoglycemia. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: Out of 796 publications, 11 studies were finally included. The meta-analysis favored AG in Hb1Ac outcomes (adult patients) and hypoglycemic episodes (p <0.05), but without reaching glycemic control (Hb1Ac to approximately 7%). The methodological quality of the studies was moderate, noting that 45% of studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies. CONCLUSION: Given the high heterogeneity of the studies, the discrete value presented by the estimated effect on effectiveness and safety, potential conflicts of interest of the studies and the appreciable higher cost of AG, there is still no support for recommending first line therapy with analogues. The role of analogues in the treatment DM1 could be better determined by further observational studies of good methodological quality to assess their long-term effectiveness, safety as well as cost-effectiveness