Composição física da carcaça, qualidade da carne e conteúdo de colesterol no músculo Longissimus dorsi de novilhos 5/8 Nelore - 3/8 Charolês terminados em confinamento e abatidos em diferentes estádios de maturidade Carcass physical composition, meat quality and cholesterol content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 5/8 Nellore - 3/8 Charolais steers feedlot finished and slaughtered at different maturity stages

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a composição física da carcaça, a qualidade da carne e o conteúdo de colesterol no músculo Longissimus dorsi de novilhos 5/8 Nelore - 3/8 Charolês terminados em confinamento até atingirem o peso de abate (P) de 425, 467 e 510 kg. Os novilhos apresentaram, ao início do confinamento, idade média de 660 dias, peso de 361 kg e estado corporal de 2,9 pontos. A dieta alimentar, com relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40, continha 10,25% de proteína bruta, 72,18% de nutrientes digestíveis totais e 3,18 Mcal de energia digestível/kg MS. A quantidade de músculo (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 15,548+0,316P), gordura (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -75,971+0,290P) e de gordura interna (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -61,955+0,178P) da carcaça aumentaram linearmente com o incremento do P. Porém, o percentual de músculo decresceu (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 90,294-0,059P), o de gordura (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -5,320+0,060P) aumentou e o de osso permaneceu constante (14,93%) do menor para o maior P. Não houve influência do peso de abate na relação músculo:osso (4,28) e músculo+gordura:osso (5,80). A cor (4,28 pontos) e textura (3,28 pontos) da carne não foram alteradas, porém o marmoreio cresceu linearmente (Ÿ = -8,403+0,035P) com o aumento no P. O peso de abate não influenciou a quebra no processo de descongelamento (11,13%) e de cocção da carne (23,94%). A maciez da carne foi classificada entre "macia e muito macia" (6,77 pontos), a palatabilidade entre "palatável e muito palatável" (6,77 pontos) e a suculência entre "suculenta e muito suculenta" (6,88 pontos), não sendo influenciadas pelo aumento no P. O músculo Longissimus dorsi apresentou 1,63% de extrato etéreo e 53,12 mg de colesterol/100 g de músculo, permanecendo constantes com o aumento do P. Houve correlação positiva do percentual de extrato etéreo do músculo Longissimus dorsi com a espessura de gordura (0,42), o marmoreio (0,46) e o teor de colesterol (0,60).<br>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the physical carcass composition, meat quality and cholesterol content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 5/8 Nellore - 3/8 Charolais steers feedlot finished to reach slaughter weight (SW) of 425, 467 and 510 kg. At the beginning of feedlot, average age, weight and body condition were, respectively, 660 days, 361 kg and 2.9 points. The diet offered, with roughage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, contained 10.25% of crude protein, 72.18% of total digestible nutrients and 3.18 Mcal of digestible energy/kg of DM. The muscle (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > or = 15.548+0.316SW), fat (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > or = -75.971+0.290SW) and internal fat (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > or = -61.955+0.178SW) of the carcass quantity increased linearly as SW increased. However, the muscle percentage declined (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > or = 90.294-0.059PA), the fat percentage increased (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > or = -5.320+0.060PA) and bone percentage was not alterated (14.93%) by SW. The muscle:bone (4.28) and muscle+fat:bone ratio (5.80) was not influenced by SW. The meat color (4.28 points) and texture (3.28 points) were not influenced, however, marbling increased linearly (Ÿ = -8.403+0.035SW) as the SW increased. Slaughter weight did not influence meat thawing (11.13%) and cooking losses (23.94%). The tenderness was classified between "tender and very tender" (6.77 points), palatability between "flavorful and very flavorful " (6.77 points) and juiciness between "juicy and very juicy" (6.88 points), were not influenced by SW. The Longissimus dorsi muscle showed 1.63% of ether extract and 53.12 mg of cholesterol/100 g of muscle, remaining constant with SW increase. Positive correlation of ether extract percentage in the Longissimus dorsi muscle with subcutaneous fat thickness (0.42), with marbling score (0.46) and with cholesterol content (0.60) was observed

Efficiency, Ownership and Market Structure, Corporate Control and Governance in the Turkish Banking Industry

Turkish banks are quite heterogeneous in terms of organizational form, ownership structure, size, age, portfolio concentration, growth prospects and attitude toward risk. They also exhibit strong variations in performance as measured by several efficiency indices. In the light of theoretical advances in corporate finance and financial institutions, this paper is an in-depth cross-sectional analysis of the Turkish banking sector, which explores the various bank, market and regulatory characteristics that may explain the efficiency variations across banks. Consistent with the related hypotheses investigated, the results indicate that a number of independent bank characteristics are significantly correlated with various efficiency measures. Copyright Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2003.