Dynamical Gauge Boson and Strong-Weak Reciprocity

It is proposed that asymptotically nonfree gauge theories are consistently interpreted as theories of composite gauge bosons. It is argued that when hidden local symmetry is introduced, masslessness and coupling universality of dynamically generated gauge boson are ensured. To illustrate these ideas we take a four dimensional Grassmannian sigma model as an example and show that the model should be regarded as a cut-off theory and there is a critical coupling at which the hidden local symmetry is restored. Propagator and vertex functions of the gauge field are calculated explicitly and existence of the massless pole is shown. The beta function determined from the $Z$ factor of the dynamically generated gauge boson coincides with that of an asymptotic nonfree elementary gauge theory. Using these theoretical machinery we construct a model in which asymptotic free and nonfree gauge bosons coexist and their running couplings are related by the reciprocally proportional relation.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 6 eps figures, a numbers of corrections are made in the tex

Research Notes: Soybean Dwarf Virus Disease

In the cultivation of soybean plants in Hokkaido and in the Tohoku region of Japan, the most difficult problem at present is soybean dwarf virus disease (SDV). This disease was first found on the soybean variety \u27Tsurunoko\u27 in southern areas of Hokkaido in about 1952. Since then researchers have been attempting to overcome it, and some aspects of this disease were clarified: for example, this disease was not transmitted by manual inoculation of sap or through seeds, but was transmitted by the grafting method or foxglove aphid in a persistent manner. Two strains of SDV were obtained from naturally infected soybean plants

Reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach with Drude plus Brownian spectral distribution: Probing electron transfer processes by means of two- dimensionalcorrelation spectroscopy

We theoretically investigate an electron transfer (ET) process in a dissipative environment by means of two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy. We extend the reduced hierarchy equations of motion approach to include both overdamped Drude and underdamped Brownian modes. While the overdamped mode describes the inhomogeneity of a system in the slow modulation limit, the underdamped mode expresses the primary vibrational mode coupled with the electronic states. We outline a procedure for calculating 2D correlation spectrum that incorporates the ET processes. The present approach has the capability of dealing with system-bath coherence under an external perturbation, which is important to calculate nonlinear response functions for non-Markovian noise. The calculated 2D spectrum exhibits the effects of the ET processes through the presence of ET transition peaks along the $\Omega_1$ axis, as well as the decay of echo signals.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures; J. Chem. Phys. 137 (2012

Dirac monopole with Feynman brackets

We introduce the magnetic angular momentum as a consequence of the structure of the sO(3) Lie algebra defined by the Feynman brackets. The Poincare momentum and Dirac magnetic monopole appears as a direct result of this framework.Comment: 10 page