“Swapping” Families: Serial Parenting and Economic Support for Children

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71408/1/j.1741-3737.2000.00111.x.pd

Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Covid-19 Vaccine

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States, Chile, and Peru has not been known. METHODS: In this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated the safety, vaccine efficacy, and immunogenicity of two doses of AZD1222 as compared with placebo in preventing the onset of symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more after the second dose in adults, including older adults, in the United States, Chile, and Peru. RESULTS: A total of 32,451 participants underwent randomization, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive AZD1222 (21,635 participants) or placebo (10,816 participants). AZD1222 was safe, with low incidences of serious and medically attended adverse events and adverse events of special interest; the incidences were similar to those observed in the placebo group. Solicited local and systemic reactions were generally mild or moderate in both groups. Overall estimated vaccine efficacy was 74.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.3 to 80.5; P CONCLUSIONS: AZD1222 was safe and efficacious in preventing symptomatic and severe Covid-19 across diverse populations that included older adults. (Funded by AstraZeneca and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04516746.)

Phase Transitions and Second-Harmonic Generation in Sodium Monothiophosphate

Oxythiophosphate compounds, which contain anions comprised of oxidized phosphorus bound to oxygen and sulfur, are scarce and, in general, poorly characterized. Although α-Na3PO3S has been known for over 60 years, little has been revealed about this compound. Here we present thermal analysis and second-harmonic-generation (SHG) efficiency of α-Na3PO3S. Details about its transformation to the high-temperature β phase are discussed. Under vacuum, α-Na3PO3S undergoes one endothermic event at 553 °C upon heating and two exothermic events at 504 and 467 °C upon cooling. β-Na3PO3S can be trapped upon quenching Na3PO3S from high temperature. We have observed that the β phase converts back to the α phase at room temperature. Interestingly, relative humidity has been determined to catalyze this phase transformation. α-Na3PO3S oxidizes at 315 °C in air to produce Na4P2O7 and Na2SO4. Upon exposure to 1064-nm incident radiation, noncentrosymmetric α-Na3PO3S produces an SHG efficiency 200 times that of α-quartz and is nonphase-matchable (type 1)