本州中部の砕波帯におけるイシカワシラウオ仔魚の出現

A total of 646 larval and 6 adult ishikawa icefish were collected in surf zones on the Pacific coast of central Honshu in late June 1984. Much more advanced origin of the anal fin and the existence of two distinct black spots at the caudal fin base differentiate the larval ishikawa icefish from the larval common icefish, Salangichthys microdon. The larvae, 17.4-34.8mm, occurred more often in the eastern half of the coast line surveyed, while the largest number per haul of the larvae was obtained at the beach just outside Lake Hamana. Salinities at the beaches where any number of the larvae were collected ranged from 19.7 to 33.5‰. The six adult fish collected were all females with mature eggs, suggesting a prolonged spawning of the fish.1984年6月下旬に,本州中部の太平洋岸20箇所の砂浜海岸の波打際近くで,小型引網による採集をおこない,7箇所の海岸から合計646個体のイシカワシラウオ仔魚(17.4～34.8mm TL)を得た。本種の仔魚は尾鰭基部の上下に各1個の顕著な黒点を有し,背鰭軟条のうち後方の5～8条が臀鰭上方に位置することにより,シラウオ仔魚(尾鰭基部に黒点なく,臀鰭起部は最後の背鰭条下またはより後方にある)と識別できる。仔魚は調査域の東半分―浜名湖入り口～房総半島―でより頻繁に採集された。本種の漁場の分布から考えて,本州北部の太平洋岸の砕波帯でも本種仔魚が出現することは確実である。1箇所の海岸からは熟卵をもった雌成魚6個体が採集され,産卵期が長いことを示唆した

GADD45β Determines Chemoresistance and Invasive Growth of Side Population Cells of Human Embryonic Carcinoma

Side population (SP) cells are an enriched population of stem, and the existence of SP cells has been reported in human cancer cell lines. In this study, we performed an SP analysis using 11 human cancer cell lines and confirmed the presence of SP cells in an embryonic carcinoma cell line, NEC8. NEC8 SP cells showed characteristics of cancer stem cells, such as high growth rate, chemoresistance and high invasiveness. To further characterize the NEC8 SP cells, we used DNA microarrays. Among 38,500 genes, we identified 12 genes that were over-expressed in SP cells and 1 gene that was over-expressed in non-SP cells. Among these 13 genes, we focused on GADD45b. GADD45b was over-expressed in non-SP cells, but the inhibition of GADD45b had no effect on non-SP cells. Paradoxically, the inhibition of GADD45b significantly reduced the viability of NEC8 SP cells. The inhibition of ABCG2, which determines the SP phenotype, had no effect on the invasiveness of NEC8 SP cells, but the inhibition of GADD45b significantly reduced invasiveness. These results suggest that GADD45b, but not ABCG2, might determine the cancer stem cell-like phenotype, such as chemoresistance and the high invasiveness of NEC8 SP cells, and might be a good therapeutic target

Significance of common variants on human chromosome 8q24 in relation to the risk of prostate cancer in native Japanese men

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Common variants on human chromosome 8q24, rs1447295 (C/A) and rs6983267 (T/G), have been recently linked to the prevalence of prostate cancer in European and American populations. Here, we evaluated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1447295 and rs6983267 were associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer as well as latent prostate cancer in a native Japanese population.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We analyzed genomic DNA samples from 391 sporadic prostate cancer patients, 323 controls who had died from causes unrelated to cancer and 112 Japanese men who were diagnosed as having latent prostate cancer based on autopsy results. The polymorphisms were determined by allelic discrimination using a fluorescent-based TaqMan assay. The A allele of rs1447295 was significantly associated with the risk of sporadic prostate cancer (<it>p </it>= 0.04; age-adjusted OR, 1.34), while the G allele of rs6983267 showed a trend towards being a high-risk allele (<it>p </it>= 0.06; age-adjusted OR, 1.27). No significant difference between these two polymorphisms and the risk of latent prostate cancer was observed in the present Japanese population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Known variants on human chromosome 8q24 may be risk factors for sporadic prostate cancer in native Japanese men.</p

Report of the third Asian Prostate Cancer&nbsp;study meeting.

The Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) study is an Asia-wide initiative that was launched in December 2015 in Tokyo, Japan, with the objective of surveying information about patients who have received a histopathological diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and are undergoing treatment and clarifying distribution of staging, the actual status of treatment choices, and treatment outcomes. The study aims to clarify the clinical situation for PCa in Asia and use the outcomes for the purposes of international comparison. Following the first meeting in Tokyo in December 2015, the second A-CaP meeting was held in Seoul, Korea, in September 2016. This, the third A-CaP meeting, was held on October 14, 2017, in Chiang Mai, Thailand, with the participation of members and collaborators from 12 countries and regions. In the meeting, participating countries and regions presented the current status of data collection, and the A-CaP office presented a preliminary analysis of the registered cases received from each country and region. Participants discussed ongoing challenges relating to data input and collection, institutional, and legislative issues that may present barriers to data sharing, and the outlook for further patient registrations through to the end of the registration period in December 2018. In addition to A-CaP-specific discussions, a series of special lectures were also delivered on the situation for health insurance in the United States, the correlation between insurance coverage and PCa outcomes, and the outlook for robotic surgery in the Asia-Pacific region. Members also confirmed the principles of authorship in collaborative studies, with a view to publishing original articles based on A-CaP data in the future

Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: Current topics and future perspectives: Editorial

金沢大学附属病院泌尿器

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Types 16/18 and Effect of Vaccination among Japanese Female General Citizens in the Vaccine Crisis Era

The Japanese government withdrew its recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in June 2013 and resumed it in April 2022. This period is known as the vaccine crisis in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV among Japanese female citizens, and the effect of vaccination against HPV-16/18 in the era of the vaccine crisis. We recruited Japanese female citizens and asked them to provide self-collected samples from the vaginal wall using cotton swabs for HPV genotyping. Furthermore, we collected the participants&rsquo; characteristics, including lifestyle and experience of vaccination against HPV, to determine the significant association with HPV infection. HPV-16/18 positivity was found in 5.6% (115/2044) of participants. The highest vaccination rate was observed in the age group of 20&ndash;24 years (60.6%), whereas the lowest HPV-16/18 positivity was observed in the age group of 45&ndash;49 years (2.8%), followed by the age group of 20&ndash;24 years (4.0%). Experience with HPV vaccination significantly reduced the risk of HPV-16/18 infection (adjusted odds ratio, 0.047; 95% confidence interval, 0.011&ndash;0.196). Vaccinated women were much less likely to be infected by HPV-16/18, regardless of the HPV vaccine type or the vaccination dose

Transcriptional control region rearrangements associated with the evolution of JC polyomavirus

AbstractJC polyomavirus (JCV) isolates worldwide are classified into three super-lineages (A, B and C), with A and B further split into several lineages and sub-lineages. The transcriptional control region (TCR) of the JCV genome generally has the archetypal configuration, but rearranged TCRs have occasionally been detected in isolates from immunocompetent individuals. To investigate the phylogenetic significance of these rearrangements, we analyzed 298 TCR sequences all derived from complete JCV genomes directly cloned from the urine of non-immunocompromised individuals. While sporadic rearrangements were found in many lineages and sub-lineages, common rearrangements were identified in all, or essentially all, isolates belonging to particular lineages or sub-lineages. Interestingly, several common rearrangements were also detected as sporadic rearrangements in other lineages or sub-lineages. This observation suggests that during the course of JCV evolution, JCV strains with sporadic rearrangements became predominant over archetypal TCRs in some JCV lineages or sub-lineages