FT-Ir identification of phytase active lactic acdi bacteria and yeasts from sourdough samples

Immune systems provide a unique window on the evolution of individuality. Existing models of immune systems fail to consider them as situated within a biochemical context. We present a model that uses an NK landscape as an underlying metabolic substrate, represents organisms as having both internal and external structure, and provides a basis for studying the coevolution of pathogens and host immune responses. Early results from the model are discussed; we show that interaction between organisms drives a population to optima distinct from those found when adapting against an abiotic background

Das Verh\ue4ltnis zwischen Experiment und Gedankenexperiment in den Naturwissenschaften

To understand the reciprocal autonomy and complementarity of thought and real experiment, it is necessary to distinguish between a \u2018positive\u2019 (empirical or formal) and a transcendental perspective. Empirically and formally, real and thought experiments are indistinguishable. However, from a reflexive-transcendental viewpoint thought experiment is at the same time irreducible and complementary to real experiment. This is due to the fact that the hypothetical-anticipatory moment is in principle irreducible to physical reality\u2014even though it refers to physical reality and is bound with the empirical use of our understanding. The presence of counterfactuals is the condition of the possibility for thought experiments to become in principle real ones, by means of a series of technical realisations that gradually approximate the idealisations that they contain