U.S. Southern and Northern Differences In Perceptions of Norms about Aggression: Mechanisms for the Perpetuation of a Culture of Honor

This article explores one reason why norms for male honor-related aggression persist in the U.S. South, even though they may no longer be functional. The authors suggest that, in addition to cultural differences in internalized honor-related values, southerners are more likely than northerners to perceive peer endorsement of aggression norms. Study 1 found that southern males were especially likely to overestimate the aggressiveness of their peers. Study 2 tested the hypothesis that southerners would be more likely to actively encourage aggressive behavior in others, but no support was found. However, Study 3 found that southern men were more likely than northern men to perceive others as encouraging aggression when witnessing interpersonal conflicts. Together, these studies suggest that southern males are more likely than their northern counterparts to assume their peers endorse and enforce norms of aggression that can lead to the perpetuation of norms for honorable violence above and beyond any differences in internalized values

SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD2 code manual

The SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been developed for best-estimate transient simulation of light water reactor coolant systems during a severe accident. The code models the coupled behavior of the reactor coolant system, the core, and the fission products and aerosols in the system during a severe accident transient as well as large and small break loss-of-coolant accidents, operational transients such as anticipated transient without SCRAM, loss of offsite power, loss of feedwater, and loss of flow. A generic modeling approach is used that permits as much of a particular system to be modeled as necessary. Control system and secondary system components are included to permit modeling of plant controls, turbines, condensers, and secondary feedwater conditioning systems. The modeling theory and associated numerical schemes are documented in Volumes I and in this document, Volume II, to acquaint the user with the modeling base and thus aid in effective use of the code. 135 refs., 48 figs., 8 tabs

Isochronal superpositioning in the equilibrium regime of superpressed propylene carbonate to ∼ 1.8 GPa: A study by diffusivity measurement of the fluorescent probe Coumarin 1

We address the problem of glass-forming of liquids by superpressing. We study the pressure-induced dynamic change of the fragile van der Waals liquid propylene carbonate towards the glassy state in the equilibrium regime by measuring the diffusivity of the fluorescent probe Coumarin 1 embedded in the host liquid. The probe diffusivity is measured by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique across a bleached volume generated by the near-field diffracted pattern of a laser beam. The recovered fluorescence intensity fits to a stretched exponential with the diffusive time $\tau$ and the stretched exponent $\beta$ as free parameters. In the pressure range [0.3-1.0]GPa the diffusivity decouples from the Stokes-Einstein relation. The decoupling correlates well to a decrease of $\beta$. The variation of $\beta$ is non-monotonous with $\tau$ showing a minimum at $\tau\sim 10^{3}$ s. We evidence an isochronal superpositioning over about 3 decades of $\tau$ between ∼ 10 s and $\sim 3\times 10^{3}$ s and a density scaling in the whole investigated pressure range. The pressure at which $\beta$ is minimum coincides to the dynamical crossover pressure measured by other authors. This crossover pressure is compatible with the critical point of MCT theory. As our studied pressure range encompasses the critical pressure, the non-monotonous variation of $\beta$ opens new insight in the approach to the critical point