Effect of different chemical treatments on the rice straw stored dried or soaked

Foram estudados os efeitos de vários tratamentos químicos (NaCl, NaOH, KOH e Ca (OH)2) nos níveis de zero, quatro e oito por cento da matéria seca sobre a composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica (DIVMO) da palha de arroz, submetida a duas formas de conservação: seca e úmida. Ambos os experimentos foram analisados em um delineamento completamente casualizado. De maneira geral, a composição química foi alterada de forma inconstante pelos tratamentos químicos. Não houve diferença em nenhuma das formas de conservação quanto à digestibilidade in vitro da matéria orgânica. O tratamento com NaCl não afetou (P >0,05) a DIVMO da palha de arroz. No entanto, em ambos os experimentos os álcalis testados foram efetivos (P 0,05) the IVOMD of rice straw. On the other hand, the alkalis tested in both experiments were effective (P < 0,05) in improving the IVOMD, with NaOH being the most effective.

Newborn calf intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins extracted from bovine colostrum.

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em estudar a absorção de imunoglobulinas G (IgG) extraídas do colostro por ultrafiltração e recolocadas em solução salina (IECRSS). Cinqüenta bezerros holandeses Holstein Frisian (ME) recém-nascidos (41 machos e 9 fêmeas) foram distribuídos ao acaso em cinco tratamentos (dez animais em cada tratamento) com a seguinte composição: a. colostro; b. IECRSS + caseino-macropeptídeo (CMP), c. IECRSS + ácido isobutírico; d. IECRSS + extrato liofilizado de colostro, e e. IECRSS pura. O colostro e as IECRSS (à base de 44 g/l de IgG) foram distribuídos à razão de 25 g/kg FV. Os complementos (CMP, ácido isobutírico e extrato liofilizado de colostro) foram incorporados na proporção de: 100, 125, 250 mg/kg PV, respectivamente. Os animais foram alimentados com colostro ou IECRSS + complemento, duas, dez e dezoito horas após o nascimento. As coletas de sangue foram efetuadas antes da ingestão do colostro ou IECRSS, bem como às 26 horas de vida. A temperatura corporal foi medida antes de cada coleta de sangue. A seguir, determinou-se a taxa de hematócrito. Os níveis de IgG foram dosados a partir do plasma, por nefelometija. As IECRSS foram absorvidas em proporções menores em comparação ao colostro in natura, independentemente da natureza do complemento adicionado (PC 0,01). Os níveis de IgG alcançados a 26 horas de vida foram (média ± erro padrão da média): 5,12 ± 0,79; 6,74 ± 0,82; 7,61 ± 1,18; 7,58 ± 0,85 e 14,9 ± 1,39 (g/l), para os tratamentos C, B, E, D e A, respectivamente. A taxa de hematrócrito e a temperatura corporal não foram influenciadas (P >0,05) pelos tratamentos, independentemente da ordem de coleta (entre 0 e 26 h). Conclui-se que as IECRSS, independentemente da natureza do complemento adicionado, não são absorvidas eficazmente como as imunoglobulinas 6 do colostro in natura.The aim of the present work is to study the absorption of immunoglobulins G extracted from colostrum and administered in a saline solution (IECRSS). Fifty (41 male and 9 female) newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into five groups of ten animals each. Calves were guiven ether a. colostrum; b. IECRSS + CMP; c. IECRSS + isobutyric acid; d. IECRSS + freeze-dried colostrum extract, and e- pure IECRS5. Colostrum and IECRSS, each of them containing 44 g/l of IgG, were given at a level of 25 g/kg body weight. The complements (CMP, isobutyric acid and colostrumextract) were added at the levels of 100. 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Blood samples were taken just before the meals as well as 26 h after birth. The animals were fed on colostrum or IECRSS + + compliement two, ten and eighteen hours after birth. Blood was sampled before ingestion of colostrum or IECRSS and 26 hoursafter birth. Body temperature was measured betore each blood sampling and therafter the hematocrit level was determined. The IgG levels were dosed up from plasma by nephelometry. Compared with that of colostrum IgG in nature, IECRSS absorption was reduced independently of the added complement (P C 0.01). The plasma levels of IgG at 26 hours after birth were 5.12 ± 0.79; 6.74 ±0.82:7.61 ± 1.18; 7.58 ± 0.85 and 14.9 ± 139 (g/l) in calves of groups A, B, C, D, E respectively. The hematocrit level and the body temperature were not influenced (P >0.05) by the treatments, independently of the blood collection (between 0 and 26 hours). It was concluded that the IECRSS, independently of the nature of the added complement, are less efficiently absorted than the IgG of colostrum in natura

Thermoregulatory Responses of Heat Acclimatized Buffaloes to Simulated Heat Waves

Climate change is seen as a significant threat to the sustainability of livestock production systems in many parts of the world, particularly in tropical regions. Extreme meteorological events can result in catastrophic production and death of livestock. Heat waves in particular can push vulnerable animals beyond their survival threshold limits. However, there is little information about buffalo responses to sudden changes in the thermal environment, specifically the heat waves. This study aimed to quantify the thermoregulatory and blood biochemical responses of heat-acclimatized buffaloes to a simulated heat wave. The experiment was designed in a climatic chamber with two periods of 4 days each. Twelve heat acclimated buffalo heifers aged 18 months were used. The climatic chamber environment was set as follows: 4-day period (P1) simulating the same weather conditions of a summer in humid tropical climate used as a baseline, with daily cycle with Ta and RH at 27 ± 1 °C and 76% from 0600 h to 1900 h and 24 ± 1 °C and 80% from 1900 h to 0600 h, and 4-day period (P2), simulating a daily heat wave cycle, from 0600 h to 1900 h with Ta and RH kept at 36 °C and 78% and from 1900 h to 0600 h, 27 °C and 74%. All animals were subject to both treatments and data were analyzed by a repeated measure analysis of variance, with post-hoc pooling comparison performed by Tukey’s test. In P2, there was observed a significant increase in respiratory frequency (p < 0.01), found four times in P1. The sweating rates were quite high in both periods; still, there were significant increases in P2 compared to P1 (p < 0.01) (4931 and 3201 g/m2/h, respectively). A slight but significant increase in rectal temperature was observed during the day (p < 0.01), with a rising until 1900 h. The simulated heat wave in P2 did not affect the values of the erythrogram or leukogram, excluding the significant reduction in K+ (p < 0.05). The low heat storage and the subsequent fast and full recovery of the thermal balance late afternoon appear to be related to the high sweating rate values. The massive sweating rate emphasizes its relevance in the maintenance of buffalo homeothermy. The absence of changes in hematological parameters has revealed the considerable physiological resilience of buffaloes toward simulated heat wave

Programa nacional de melhoramento do Gir Leiteiro: Sumário brasileiro de touros: resultado do teste de progênie - maio 2011.

bitstream/item/54478/1/Doc-145-Melhor-Gir-2011.pd

Programa nacional de mejoramiento de gyr lechero - Sumario brasileño de toros - Resultado de prueba de progenie - 3ª prueba de preselección de toros - Mayo 2012.

bitstream/item/90387/1/DOC-156-Sumario-Gir-Espanol.pd