Results of studying pro- and anti-atherogenic immune factors in the persons chronically exposed to ionising radiation

It is well established that cohorts of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation exhibit increased risks for cardiovascular diseases. Currently, the role of immune system in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is actively studied. Meanwhile, the immunomodulatory effects of irradiation in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in the persons exposed to ionizing radiation still remain unclear. The aim of this research was to study the effect of ionizing radiation upon lymphocyte subpopulations involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in peripheral blood of the workers chronically exposed to occupational combined radiation versus a control group. The study considered 72 workers of the Russian nuclear production facility, the Mayak Industrial Association (mean age of 72.1±10.9 years), and 72 control individuals (mean age of 70.7±9.2 years). All the workers were chronically exposed to combined radiation (external gamma-rays and internal alpha-particles). The mean cumulative dose absorbed by red bone marrow from external gamma-ray exposure was 0.750±0.699 Gy; the mean cumulative absorbed dose to red bone marrow from internal alpha-particles was 0.072±0.092 Gy. The relative and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations (total T-cells, T-helpers, T-cytotoxic, total B-cells, NK-cells and T-NK-cells) were detected by flow cytofluorometry. The absolute number of CD3+CD19+T-lymphocytes was significantly lower in the individuals exposed to chronic irradiation, compared with the controls (1658.8±694.3 x 106/l and 1988.4±1045.4 x 106/l, respectively). The relative number of CD3+CD4+T-helpers and CD3+CD8+T-cytotoxic lymphocytes was significantly higher in individuals exposed to chronic irradiation. Relative number of T-helpers in the main group was 42.4±8.8% vs 35.3±8.7% in controls; the relative number of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes was 27.6±9.5%, and 23.3±6.5%, respectively. A significant negative correlation was revealed between absolute number of T-lymphocytes and cumulative absorbed doses to bone marrow from external gamma irradiation (correlation quotient r = -0,53565, p = 0,000001) and internal alpha sources (r = -0.54804, p = 0.0000006). This correlation may indicate a relationship between these changes (decreased absolute numbers of T cells) and occupational exposure rates. The increased relative number of T-helpers and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes confirm an assumption that specific antigens may cause an enhanced immune response during the development of atherosclerosis in exposed individuals

Hemodynamics State at Different Modes of Systemic Air Cryogenic Exposure

The article estimates the hemodynamics state during systemic air cryotherapy sessions in cryosaunas, in the course of which body temperature drops in the range of cryostability (up to 5-10 C), while the core body temperature persists and enables to avoid shift in thermal regulation. Majority of circulatory dimensions at post-cryothermia period showed reactions opposite in sign if compared to hypothermia period, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than before the sessions. Such evident compensatory reaction of blood circulation is apparently the specific extension of stress syndrome, developed at testees directly in the course of cryotherapy

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN NEW CONCEPTS EDUCATION

In article the question of a modern Russian labor market of its globalization, of the competition is considered. Into the forefront quality of preparation acts by Highschools of the young specialist. New instruments of training and preparation: distant, electronic, media components are shown. Use of computer technologies allows students to take part in professional engineering competitions BEST, to solve difficult production problems to perform at the Olympiads and conferences.В статье рассматривается вопрос о современном российском рынке труда, его глобализации, конкуренции. На первый план выступает качество подготовки вузами молодого специалиста. Показаны новые инструменты обучения и подготовки: дистанционные, электронные, медийные компоненты. Использование компьютерных технологий позволяет студентам принимать участие в профессиональных, инженерных соревнованиях BEST, решать непростые производственные задачи, выступать на олимпиадах, конференциях

Фотодинамическая терапия больных раком нижней губы

Results of diagnosis and treatment in 32 patients with lower lip cancer using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer Photosense are represented. 15 patients had stage I of disease, in 12 – stage II and in 5 – stage III. Photosensitizer Photosense was administered at dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight in 20 patients and at dose of 0.8 mg/kg – in 12 patients as single intravenous infusion. During the treatment the fluorescent diagnosis (FD) was performed. The average power of diagnostic laser irradiation was 2 mW, light dose on tissue surface was < 1 J/cm2. Power density of therapeutic laser irradiation accounted for 150–300 mW/cm2, light dose of one session was 200-300 J/cm2. First session of PDT was performed 24 h after drug injection, the interval between following sessions accounted for 24 h. The number of session varied from 3 to 5. The results of FD showed the increase of fluorescent intensity in the center of tumor from 14.9 up to 150.8 r.u. 24 h after drug injection, this parameter in the normal mucosa increased from 13,4 to 88,3 r.u. The side-effects of PDT with Photosense included pain syndrome, which was managed by non-opioid analgesics in all 10 patients. The signs of phototoxycity were observed in 9 patients. Two months after PDT 22 (68.7%) patients had complete regression of tumor lesion, the response in 8 (25%) patients was defined as partial, 2 (6.3%) patients had stabilization of tumor growth. Приведены результаты диагностики и лечения 32 больных раком нижней губы методом фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) с использо- ванием фотосенсибилизатора фотосенс. У 15 пациентов была диагностирована I ст. заболевания, у 12 – II ст. и у 5 – III ст. Фотосенси- билизатор фотосенс вводили в дозе 0,5 мг/кг массы тела 20 пациентам и в дозе 0,8 мг/кг – 12 пациентам в виде однократной внутри- венной инфузии. В процессе лечения проводилась флюоресцентная диагностика (ФД). Средняя мощность диагностического лазерного излучения 2 мВт, плотность энергии на поверхности тканей < 1 Дж/см2. Плотность мощности терапевтического лазерного излучения 150–300 мВт/см2, световая доза одного сеанса 200–300 Дж/см2. Первый сеанс ФДТ проводили через 24 ч после введения препарата, интервал между последующими сеансами составлял 24 ч. Число сеансов варьировалось от 3 до 5. Результаты ФД показали высокую интенсивность флюоресценции фотосенса в центре опухоли – 14,9–150,8 отн. ед. через 24 ч после введения препарата, в здоровой слизистой этот показатель был ниже в 1,71 раза. Из побочных эффектов ФДТ с фотосенсом отмечен болевой синдром, который у всех 10 пациентов купировался с помощью ненаркотических анальгетиков. Признаки фототоксичности наблюдались у 9 больных. Через 2 мес. после проведения ФДТ у 22 (68,7%) пациентов отмечена полная регрессия опухолевого очага, у 8 (25%) больных эффект от лечения оценен как частичный, у 2 (6,3%) больных зафиксирована стабилизация опухолевого процесса.

Флюоресцентная диагностика и фотодинамическая терапия рака кожи с препаратом аласенс

The results of treatment in patients with skin cancer using the method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with alasens are represented in the article. The study enrolled 25 patients with stage 1 tumor including 23 patients with previously untreated tumors and 2 – with recurrent disease. Superficial tumor was diagnosed in 17 patients and 8 patients had nodal tumor. Alasens was used locally as application of 20% ointment on involved skin area with 6h exposure. The PDT session was performed on a single occasion immediately after the end of exposure (power density of laser irradiation of 50–100 mW/cm2, light dose – 150–200 J/cm2). All patients had fluorescence diagnosis (FD) prior to application of the ointment and before PDT. The results of FD showed that intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in tumor prior to administration of alasens had near no difference from intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in normal skin (12.5±0.7 and 10.0±0.7 r.u., respectively). Six hours after application of the ointment with alasens the fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin IX increased almost 5-fold (59.7±5.3 r.u.), the fluorescence intensity in normal skin remained near baseline level during the follow-up period (maximally 11.6±1.0 r.u.). Two months after PDT the complete tumor regression was confirmed in 21 patients, partial – in 3 and stabilization of tumor growth in 1 patient. In addition, patients with superficial disease had complete regression in 94.1% of cases and partial regression in 5.9% while for patients with nodal tumor – 62.5% and 25%, respectively, stabilization – in 12.5%. В статье приведены результаты лечения больных раком кожи методом фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) с препаратом аласенс. В исследование включены 25 пациентов с I стадией опухолевого процесса, в том числе 23 пациента с ранее не леченной опухолью и 2 – с рецидивом заболевания. У 17 пациентов была диагностирована поверхностная форма опухоли, у 8 – узловая. Аласенс применяли местно, в виде аппликации 20%-ой мази, на поражённый участок кожи с экспозицией в течение 6 ч. Сеанс ФДТ проводили однократно сразу после завершения экспозиции (плотность мощности лазерного излучения 50–100 мВт/см2, плотность энергии – 150–200 Дж/см2). Всем пациентам проводилась флюоресцентная диагностика (ФД) до аппликации мази и перед проведением ФДТ. Результаты ФД показали, что интенсивность флюоресценции порфиринов в опухоли до введения аласенса практически не отличается от флюоресценции порфиринов в здоровой коже (12,5±0,7 и 10,0±0,7 отн. ед., соответственно). Через 6 ч после начала аппликации мази с аласенсом интенсивность флюоресценции протопорфирина IX в опухоли возрастает почти в 5 раз (59,7±5,3 отн. ед.), интенсивность флюоресценции в здоровой коже остается практически на уровне исходных значений в течение всего периода наблюдения (максимально 11,6±1,0 отн. ед.). Через 2 мес. после проведения ФДТ полная регрессия опухоли была подтверждена у 21, частичная – у 3 и стабилизация – у 1 пациента. При этом у больных с поверхностной формой заболевания в 94,1% случаев была зарегистрирована полная регрессия опухоли и в 5,9% – частичная регрессия, в то время как у больных с узловой формой – в 62,5% и в 25% соответственно; стабилизация – в 12,5%.

Clinical, hormonal and molecular-genetic characteristics of monogenic diabetes mellitus associated with the mutations in the <i>INS</i> gene

Background: Currently more than 50 mutations of the INS gene are known to affect the various stages of insulin biosynthesis in the beta cells of the pancreas. However only individual cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with heterozygous mutations in the coding region of the INS gene were reported in Russian Federation. We report a group of patients with a clinical manifestation of DM caused by mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of the INS gene. The patients with a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in Russian FederationMaterials and methods: 60 patients with an isolated course of neonatal DM (NDM), 52 patients with a manifestation of DM at the age of 7–12 months and the absence of the main autoimmune markers of type 1 DM, 650 patients with the MODY phenotype were included in the study. NGS technology was used for molecular genetic research. Author’s panel of primers (Custom DNA Panel) was used for multiplex PCR and sequencing using Ion Ampliseq™ technology. The author’s panel “­Diabetes Mellitus” included 28 genes (13 candidate genes of MODY and other genes associated with DM).Results: 13 heterozygous mutations were identified in 16 probands and 9 relatives. The majority of mutations were detected in patients with PNDM (18.75%) and in patients with an onset of DM at the age of 7–12 months (9.6%). Mutations in the INS gene were detected in 2 patients (0.3%) in the group with the MODY phenotype. Mutations in the INS gene were not detected in patients with transient NDM (TNDM). Analysis of clinical data in patients with PND and onset of diabetes at the age of 7–12 months did not show significant differences in the course of the disease. The clinical characteristics of the cases of MODY10 and diabetes caused by a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported in details.Conclusion: The role of INS gene mutations in NDM, MODY, and DM with an onset at the age of 7–12 months was analyzed in a large group of patients. The clinical characteristics of DM due to a mutation in the intron of the INS gene are reported for the first time in the Russian Federation

Photodynamic therapy and diagnosis of lower lip cancer with photosense

Results of diagnosis and treatment in 32 patients with lower lip cancer using photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer Photosense are represented. 15 patients had stage I of disease, in 12 – stage II and in 5 – stage III. Photosensitizer Photosense was administered at dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight in 20 patients and at dose of 0.8 mg/kg – in 12 patients as single intravenous infusion. During the treatment the fluorescent diagnosis (FD) was performed. The average power of diagnostic laser irradiation was 2 mW, light dose on tissue surface was &lt; 1 J/cm2. Power density of therapeutic laser irradiation accounted for 150–300 mW/cm2, light dose of one session was 200-300 J/cm2. First session of PDT was performed 24 h after drug injection, the interval between following sessions accounted for 24 h. The number of session varied from 3 to 5. The results of FD showed the increase of fluorescent intensity in the center of tumor from 14.9 up to 150.8 r.u. 24 h after drug injection, this parameter in the normal mucosa increased from 13,4 to 88,3 r.u. The side-effects of PDT with Photosense included pain syndrome, which was managed by non-opioid analgesics in all 10 patients. The signs of phototoxycity were observed in 9 patients. Two months after PDT 22 (68.7%) patients had complete regression of tumor lesion, the response in 8 (25%) patients was defined as partial, 2 (6.3%) patients had stabilization of tumor growth. </p

Fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of skin cancer with alasens

The results of treatment in patients with skin cancer using the method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with alasens are represented in the article. The study enrolled 25 patients with stage 1 tumor including 23 patients with previously untreated tumors and 2 – with recurrent disease. Superficial tumor was diagnosed in 17 patients and 8 patients had nodal tumor. Alasens was used locally as application of 20% ointment on involved skin area with 6h exposure. The PDT session was performed on a single occasion immediately after the end of exposure (power density of laser irradiation of 50–100 mW/cm2, light dose – 150–200 J/cm2). All patients had fluorescence diagnosis (FD) prior to application of the ointment and before PDT. The results of FD showed that intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in tumor prior to administration of alasens had near no difference from intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in normal skin (12.5±0.7 and 10.0±0.7 r.u., respectively). Six hours after application of the ointment with alasens the fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin IX increased almost 5-fold (59.7±5.3 r.u.), the fluorescence intensity in normal skin remained near baseline level during the follow-up period (maximally 11.6±1.0 r.u.). Two months after PDT the complete tumor regression was confirmed in 21 patients, partial – in 3 and stabilization of tumor growth in 1 patient. In addition, patients with superficial disease had complete regression in 94.1% of cases and partial regression in 5.9% while for patients with nodal tumor – 62.5% and 25%, respectively, stabilization – in 12.5%

Fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy of skin cancer with alasens

The results of treatment in patients with skin cancer using the method of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with alasens are represented in the article. The study enrolled 25 patients with stage 1 tumor including 23 patients with previously untreated tumors and 2 – with recurrent disease. Superficial tumor was diagnosed in 17 patients and 8 patients had nodal tumor. Alasens was used locally as application of 20% ointment on involved skin area with 6h exposure. The PDT session was performed on a single occasion immediately after the end of exposure (power density of laser irradiation of 50–100 mW/cm2, light dose – 150–200 J/cm2). All patients had fluorescence diagnosis (FD) prior to application of the ointment and before PDT. The results of FD showed that intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in tumor prior to administration of alasens had near no difference from intensity of porphyrin fluorescence in normal skin (12.5±0.7 and 10.0±0.7 r.u., respectively). Six hours after application of the ointment with alasens the fluorescence intensity of protoporphyrin IX increased almost 5-fold (59.7±5.3 r.u.), the fluorescence intensity in normal skin remained near baseline level during the follow-up period (maximally 11.6±1.0 r.u.). Two months after PDT the complete tumor regression was confirmed in 21 patients, partial – in 3 and stabilization of tumor growth in 1 patient. In addition, patients with superficial disease had complete regression in 94.1% of cases and partial regression in 5.9% while for patients with nodal tumor – 62.5% and 25%, respectively, stabilization – in 12.5%. </p