SOMATIC AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PATTERNS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM TOFALARIA

We present the data on physical development, somatic pathology, reproductive disorders in children and teenagers from Tofalaria. Medical documentation and reports were analyzed, specialized surveys of children and teenagers by pediatricians, endocrinologist, gynecologist were carried out. Microscopy, oncocytology, PCR for detection sexually transmitted diseases (chlamidia, mycoplasma papillomavirus 16,18) and colposcopy were done in all teenaged girls. Evaluated morbidity was high. In indigenous Tofalaria population we found significant differences in rates of skeletal and conjunctive tissue disorders (incorrect posture, scoliosis, flatfoot) as well as endocrine disorders and nutrition (incorrect puberty, diffuse nontoxic goiter, growth retardation, hypotrophy). Reproductive health of girls in Tofalaria is characterized by early start of sexual activity, high number of abortion and high STD level and cervix condition is characterized by high rate of columnar epithelium ectopia to an ectocervix with often combination with inflammation. We suppose this situation as a consequences of its reproductive behavior. We believe that the target, long term program of educational, prophylactic and treatment efforts is needed to be developed for preservation of children and teenagers health in Tofalaria

Metabolism and obesity: role of leptin receptor gene

Background. Currently more than 119 obesity-related polymorphisms is known to participate in adult obesity. One of them is LEPR Q223R. Many researches shown association of this polymorphism with adult obesity. However, the role of LEPR Q223R in adolescent overweight and obesity is the matter of dispute. Aim: to determine association of polymorphism Q223R of LEPR gene with some biochemical and hormonal measurements of blood in female adolescents with normal weight and with overweight and obesity. Materials and methods. A total of 103 female adolescents (14-17 years of age) was examined. All girls were divided into 2 groups: 43 girls with normal weight (SDS BM 10.311 ± 0.585), and 65 girls with overweight and obesity (SDS BMI 2.255± 0.739) (р < 0.0001). Height, weight, BM1, SDS BM1 were measured. Laboratory tests included triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fraction, TTH, free thyroxin and leptin. All girls were genotyped on carrier of LEPR Q223R. Statistical analysis was provided by software Statistica 8.0 using nonparametric Mann - Whitney methods and Chi-square test with Yates correction. Results. Significant association of carrying RR-genotype with increase of SDS BM1 (p = 0.006), THS (p = 0.006) and decrease of free thyroxin was shown in control group. Conclusion. Our results showed the association of R-allele with increase of SDS BM1, THS and decrease T4 free in control group

Difficulties in managing a young child with recurrent bronchoobstructive syndrome

The aim of the study – demonstration of the difficulties in the diagnosis of diseases in the management of a patient of early childhood in the presence of recurrent bronchial obstruction.Цель исследования – продемонстрировать трудности в диагностике заболеваний при ведении пациента раннего детского возраста при наличии у него повторяющихся бронхообструкций

CHARACTERISTICS OF PITUITARY-OPVARIAN-ADRENAL AXIS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH HYPERPROLACTINEMIA OF VARIOUS GENESIS

The article presents the results of examination of 97 adolescent girls (mean age 14,96 ± 0,26 years) with hyperprolactinemia (PRL levels above 700 IU/ml): 30 adolescent girls with pituitary microprolactinoma (mean age 14,7 ± 3.2 years) and 67 adolescent girls with functional hyperprolactinemia (mean age 14,6 ± 3,4 years). The control group included 35 healthy adolescent girls (mean age 15,8 ± 0,89 years). Hyperprolactinemia (tumor and non-neoplastic) in puberty leads to disorders of sexual development and ovarian-menstrual cycle, followed by neurological symptoms. Elevated concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, DHEA, 17-OH-progesterone and LH/FSH ratio were shown in adolescents with hyperprolactinemia compared to the control group. Macroprolactinemia was estimated in 16,4—20 % of girls with hyperprolactinemia

THE CHANGES OF FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF A THYROID AND METABOLISM OF THYROID HORMONES IN TEENAGED GIRLS IN DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF EASTERN SIBERIA AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF LONG-TERM ADAPTATION TO EXTREME CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF LIVING

Girls and teenaged girls of different ethnic groups living in Tofalaria during different age period were examined. The aim of this research was to establish the peculiarities of functioning of pituitary-thyroid system and metabolism of thyroid hormones in healthy girls and teenagers living under adverse climatic and geographical conditions depending on their ethnicity. It was set that in ethnic Tofs girls and in Europoids girls in age group of 7-11 there were differences in the content of the active fractions of thyroid hormones testifying different mechanisms of maintenance of thyroid homeostasis. These differences remain in age group of 12-14, when changes in pituitary section of the system are added to them. The functioning of pituitary-thyroid system-level of neuro-endocrine regulation in native girls of Tofalaria of 15-18 goes in more economical way. This is actually the result of genetically determined long-term adaptation of natives' organism to extreme climatic and geographical environmental factors

Stability of Terrestrial Planets in the Habitable Zone of Gl 777 A, HD 72659, Gl 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208

We have undertaken a thorough dynamical investigation of five extrasolar planetary systems using extensive numerical experiments. The systems Gl 777 A, HD 72659, Gl 614, 47 Uma and HD 4208 were examined concerning the question of whether they could host terrestrial like planets in their habitable zones (=HZ). First we investigated the mean motion resonances between fictitious terrestrial planets and the existing gas giants in these five extrasolar systems. Then a fine grid of initial conditions for a potential terrestrial planet within the HZ was chosen for each system, from which the stability of orbits was then assessed by direct integrations over a time interval of 1 million years. The computations were carried out using a Lie-series integration method with an adaptive step size control. This integration method achieves machine precision accuracy in a highly efficient and robust way, requiring no special adjustments when the orbits have large eccentricities. The stability of orbits was examined with a determination of the Renyi entropy, estimated from recurrence plots, and with a more straight forward method based on the maximum eccentricity achieved by the planet over the 1 million year integration. Additionally, the eccentricity is an indication of the habitability of a terrestrial planet in the HZ; any value of e>0.2 produces a significant temperature difference on a planet's surface between apoapse and periapse. The results for possible stable orbits for terrestrial planets in habitable zones for the five systems are summarized as follows: for Gl 777 A nearly the entire HZ is stable, for 47 Uma, HD 72659 and HD 4208 terrestrial planets can survive for a sufficiently long time, while for Gl 614 our results exclude terrestrial planets moving in stable orbits within the HZ.Comment: 14 pages, 18 figures submitted to A&

A144

Existing methods for the preoperative detection of metastases in thyroid cancer have low efficiency and highly invasive. Therefore, the searches for laboratory markers that will indicate the presence of metastases including hidden with high reliability in cancer of the thyroid gland are relevant. Immune system is one of the key mechanisms for regulation of tissue proliferation. Autoreactive lymphocytes restrict the growth and proliferation of tissues. In turn autoreactive lymphocytes are controlled by idiotypic lymphocytes. Abnormalities in the regulation system can be the cause of tumor growth, such as excess activity of anti-idiotypic lymphocytes. Previously we conducted a comparative analysis of the level of autoantibodies to various antigens (thyroglobulin, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, native DNA, anionic proteins vascular endothelium), as well as anti-idiotypic antibodies to thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer patients with metastases and without metastases. Significant differences between investigated groups were found in the level of anti-idiotypic antibodies against antibodies to thyroglobulin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of using anti-idiotypic antibodies against antibodies to thyroglobulin as a marker of metastatic thyroid cancer. All studied patients with thyroid cancer were hospitalized at Primushko Regional Clinical Oncology Center of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic, Izhevsk. Blood was taken from patients before surgery. The level of anti-idiotype antibodies (AIAT) against autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (Tg) and the level of autoantibodies (AUAT) to thyroglobulin were determined in the blood plasma using the test system manufacturing MRC ”Immunkulus”. To determine the AIAT against AUAT to Tg, we used the principle of competitive inhibition of the binding reaction with antibodies to thyroglobulin in the presence of analyzed serum. As a source of antibodies to thyroglobulin, we used serum from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis in effective dilutions for competition. Analyzed samples were previously depleted by antibodies to thyroglobulin. The level of the test antibodies was expressed in conventional unit (CU) - optical density of the reaction of antibody binding to the antigen. We found that AIAT against AUAT to Tg were not defined in 43% of thyroid cancer patients with metastases (group I), 57% revealed a relatively high level of AIAT against AUAT to Tg – 0.343 ± 0.027 CU (Group II). In patients with thyroid cancer without metastases, the level of AIAT against AUAT to Tg (0.185 ± 0.083 CU) was lower than that of cancer patients with metastases. Metastatic cancer cannot be differentiated from cancer without metastases in 23% of studied cases. The level of AUAT to Tg in patients with thyroid cancer in the group I was 0.997 ± 0.084 CU and in the group II was 1.087 ± 0.174 CU. The level of AUAT to TG in cancer patients without metastasis was 0.794 ± 0.038 CU. It was found that when the level of AIAT against AUAT to Tg does not allow to distinguish metastatic thyroid cancer from cancer without metastases, it is possible to differentiate status data of thyroid cancer by using the level of autoantibodies to Tg. Moreover, the high level of AIAT against AUAT to Tg in patients with cancer without detectable metastases may be a marker of poor prognosis. So in one of the studied patients diagnosed with papillary cancer without metastasis, the level of AIAT against AUAT to Tg was equal to 0.37 CU, thus indicating the presence of metastases. Indeed, metastases were found in this patient 4 months later. Thus, the level of anti-idiotypic antibodies against autoantibodies to thyroglobulin may be used as a marker for metastases in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer