583 research outputs found
A trapped surface in the higher-dimensional self-similar Vaidya spacetime
We investigate a trapped surface and naked singularity in a -dimensional
Vaidya spacetime with a self-similar mass function. A trapped surface is
defined as a closed spacelike -surface which has negative both null
expansions. There is no trapped surface in the Minkowski spacetime. However, in
a four-dimensional self-similar Vaidya spacetime, Bengtsson and Senovilla
considered non-spherical trapped surfaces and showed that a trapped surface can
penetrate into a flat region, if and only if the mass function rises fast
enough [I. Bengtsson and J. M. M. Senovilla, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{79}, 024027
(2009).]. We apply this result to a -dimensional spacetime motivated by the
context of large extra dimensions or TeV-scale gravity. In this paper,
similarly to Bengtsson and Senovilla's study, we match four types of
-surfaces and show that a trapped surface extended into the flat region
can be constructed in the -dimensional Vaidya spacetime, if the increasing
rate of the mass function is greater than 0.4628. Moreover, we show that the
maximum radius of the trapped surface constructed here approaches the
Schwarzschild-Tangherlini radius in the large limit. Also, we show that
there is no naked singularity, if the spacetime has the trapped surface
constructed here.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Optical Hall Effect in the Integer Quantum Hall Regime
Optical Hall conductivity is measured from the Faraday
rotation for a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction quantum Hall system in the terahertz
frequency regime. The Faraday rotation angle ( fine structure constant
mrad) is found to significantly deviate from the Drude-like behavior to
exhibit a plateau-like structure around the Landau-level filling . The
result, which fits with the behavior expected from the carrier localization
effect in the ac regime, indicates that the plateau structure, although not
quantized, still exists in the terahertz regime.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Modelling of platelet aggregation in aneurysm
Thrombi are often found in aneurysms and are considered to play an important role in rupture. It is crucial to scrutinise any correlation between the probability of rupture and the extent to which thrombi are generated in the aneurysm. Numerical techniques such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are promising tools in the biomedical field. However, there are, at present, no models that allow us to evaluate thrombus generation. The authors aim at the proposal of such a model. In the present study, the process of platelet aggregation is considered. In blood flow near the entry to an aneurysm, red blood cells are haemolysed due to high shear stress or high pressure. The ensuing release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induces the aggregation. Making reference to actual aggregation curves of human plasma for various ADP concentrations, the authors have modelled the rate at which the density of aggregated platelets continues to increase in the aggregation process. A combination of CFD and the present model enables us to obtain the distribution of platelets clotting in an aneurysm
Electrically driven spin excitation in a ferroelectric magnet DyMnO_3
Temperature (5--250 K) and magnetic field (0--70 kOe) variations of the
low-energy (1--10 meV) electrodynamics of spin excitations have been
investigated for a complete set of light-polarization configurations for a
ferroelectric magnet DyMnO by using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We
identify the pronounced absorption continuum (1--8 meV) with a peak feature
around 2 meV, which is electric-dipole active only for the light -vector
along the a-axis. This absorption band grows in intensity with lowering
temperature from the spin-collinear paraelectric phase above the ferroelectric
transition, but is independent of the orientation of spiral spin plane ( or
), as shown on the original (ferroelectric polarization)
phase as well as the magnetic field induced phase. The possible origin of this electric-dipole active band is argued in
terms of the large fluctuations of spins and spin-current.Comment: New version, 11 pages including colored 8 figure
Food and Habitat Selection of Lepus brachyurus lyoni
We determined the environmental requirements for Lepus brachyurus lyoni on Sado Island, Japan. during the winter when food resources are low Flare track survey sites were classified by vegetation type. The movement distances of hares, which indicated habitat preference, were evaluated as the relative length of tracks in a I-ha area In addition, we examined browse marks on plants and the protein content of plants to determine the preferred plant species. Movement distances of hares decreased significantly with increasing tree stand height, mean tree diameter. basal area of the tree stand, and forest canopy closure, but increased with branch-and-stem density. The percentage of browse marks Oil the branches of tree/shrub species decreased significantly with increasing branch-and-stem diameter The rate of feeding increased significantly with increased protein content in the branches These findings suggest that hares prefer shrub stands with high branch-and-stem density to mature forests. which have lower branch-and-stem densities Hares also prefer branches and stems containing large amounts of protein Young stands offering many shrub species as food resources and shelter constitute preferable environments for hare
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