Predictors of complications of the epidemiological situation for infections associated with medical care of puerperants in modern obstetric hospitals

The article describes the modern maternity service in a large industrial region. The main predictors of the increase in the incidence of HCAIs in maternity hospitals were determined.В статье дана характеристика современной службы родовспоможения в крупном промышленном регионе. Определены дополнительные прогностические параметры роста заболеваемости ИСМП родильниц в современных акушерских стационарах

Predictors of complications of the epidemiological situation for infections associated with medical care of puerperants in modern obstetric hospitals

The article describes the modern maternity service in a large industrial region. The main predictors of the increase in the incidence of HCAIs in maternity hospitals were determined.В статье дана характеристика современной службы родовспоможения в крупном промышленном регионе. Определены дополнительные прогностические параметры роста заболеваемости ИСМП родильниц в современных акушерских стационарах

Measles. Characteristics of the Epidemic Process and its Determinant in Real-Time Conditions (on the Example of a Measles outbreak in Yekaterinburg in 2016)

Introduction. Measles still poses a threat to the inhabitants of the planet. In different regions of the world and the Russian Federation are recorded instances of contamination and subsequent infection with formation of foci with a significant number of victims. Measles has a high reproduction rate of the infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the main characteristics of the epidemic process of measles and its determinants in realtime for direct and indirect control of epidemic process. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the data of official registration of the incidence of measles the population of Ekaterinburg from 1988 to 2016, and medical records of cases of measles in 2016. We used epidemiological, clinical and statistical research methods. Results. The authors found that the epidemic process of measles has undergone significant changes. Measles was not registered in the city from 2001 to 2015, the unit drifts measles-endemic territories didn't leak. However, the situation changed at the end of 2016. It was 72 clinically and laboratory confirmed case of measles in a period of 11 weeks. The largest proportion of cases were in children who are not vaccinated against measles. The average age of infection in children was 3.8 years. 59 measles epidemic foci were formed during the flash. Foci were registered in families, educational institutions and health care organizations. The most active spread of the infection was in medical organizations. The spread was associated with the presence of susceptible children and adults, serious shortcomings in terms of timely diagnostics of measles in the first and subsequent cases, violations in the organization of antiepidemic measures. Conclusion. 1. Despite positive shifts in the direction of measles elimination, it remains an actual infection, reserving opportunities for distribution among unvaccinated adults and children. 2. A special feature of the outbreak of measles in the territory of Yekaterinburg was the spread in medical organizations with the formation of secondary foci along the routes of following sick children and adults. The share of foci in medical organizations was 15.2% of the number of all foci, and the number of cases in any - 70.8% of registered cases.3. The significance of previously vaccinated cases as potential sources of infection in the foci is not high, the incidence rate when in contact with them is 0.53 ± 0.15, whereas in contact with previously not vaccinated - 7.94 ± 0.56

Ecological Environment and Main Factors of Chemical Composition Production of the Nadym Region’s Small Lakes

В работе приведены результаты оригинальных исследований, проведенных совместно сотрудниками Научного центра изучения Арктики (г. Надым) и Тюменского государственного университета, направленных на изучение природных и техногенных факторов, определяющих химический состав вод малых озер арктической зоны. В работе представлены интегральные характеристики вод, данные по ионному составу, по содержанию тяжелых металлов. На основании данных по содержанию тяжелых металлов, БПК5 рассчитан индекс загрязненности вод (ИЗВ). Старичные и термокарстовые озера, имея самые низкие значения ИЗВ (1,0-3,1), являются самыми чистыми и соответствуют III и IV классу качества вод. Озера болотного типа – самые грязные (IV-VII класс). Для выявления корреляций между основными показателями состава вод и обнаружения связи с генезисом озер использован факторный анализ методом главных компонент с помощью программы Statistica 10. По результатам факторного анализа установлено, что определяющее влияние на состав вод, помимо типа озер, оказывает содержание в них растворенного органического вещества. Первый, самый значимый, фактор объединил содержание в воде органического углерода и следующие металлы: свинец, марганец, кадмий, железо и медь. Не вошли в эту группу цинк и никель. Второй фактор, имеющий чуть меньшую значимость, объединяет между собой главные ионы, третий – различные формы азота. На основании представленных данных сделан вывод о том, что химический состав вод формируется преимущественно под воздействием природных факторов. Важный вклад в этот процесс также вносят органические вещества, способствующие обогащению водной среды ионами металлов.This paper presents the results of original research conducted jointly by the staff of the Center for the Study of the Arctic (Nadym) and University of Tyumen, aimed at studying the natural and man-made factors that determine the chemical composition of the waters of small lakes in the Arctic zone. The authors present the integral characteristics of water and the data on the ionic composition and on the content of heavy metals. The latter and biochemical oxygen consumption (BOC5 ) allow calculating water pollution index (WPI). The old river and thermokarst lakes have the lowest WPI values (1.0-3.1). They are the cleanest and correspond to the III and IV classes of water quality, while the lakes of the marsh type are the dirtiest (class IV-VII). To identify the correlations between the main indicators of the composition of water and the connection with the genesis of lakes, the authors used factor analysis (program Statistica 10) and the method of the main components. According to the results of factor analysis, the authors have established that the content of dissolved organic matter in water bodies, in addition to the type of lakes, has a determining effect on the composition of waters. The first and most significant factor combined the water content of organic carbon and the following metals: lead, manganese, cadmium, iron, and copper. Zinc and nickel were not included in this group. The second factor, which has a slightly lower significance, unites the main ions; the third – various forms of nitrogen. Based on the presented data, the authors concluded that the chemical composition of water is mainly formed under the influence of natural factors. Organic substances contribute to this process significantly enriching the aqueous medium with metal ions