Students’ attitudes to social advertising: results of a study

The article presents the results of an empirical study aimed at studying the attitude of students to social advertising.   The object of the empirical study is student youth.   The subject of the study is the students’ attitude to the placement channels and modern technologies for attracting attention to social advertising.   The topic of social advertising was chosen for the study – advertising aimed at helping homeless animals. The study was conducted in spring 2023 using a survey method. The study identified young people’s readiness to be involved in solving social problems; the work showed young people’s attitudes to channels of social advertising; this research determined the attitudes to the emotional component of social advertising and revealed attitude to new ways of attracting attention that are used in contemporary social advertising. The study results indicate that, firstly, most young people are ready to help shelters and foundations that support to homeless animals, however, young people are not ready to make an effort to find the necessary information; secondly, young people do not always notice social advertising, despite the fact that they actively use different media channels; thirdly, according to respondents, the most effective social advertising contains in the verbal or visual series direct encouragement to the target action; fourthly, in order to increase the level of involuntary attention of target groups to social advertising, it is necessary to use new techniques of visual impact on the audience using digital technologies. In conclusion of this article, findings and recommendations are formulated which can be applied in the development of social advertising campaigns

The Role of Histone H4 Biotinylation in the Structure of Nucleosomes

Background: Post-translational modifications of histones play important roles in regulating nucleosome structure and gene transcription. It has been shown that biotinylation of histone H4 at lysine-12 in histone H4 (K12Bio-H4) is associated with repression of a number of genes. We hypothesized that biotinylation modifies the physical structure of nucleosomes, and that biotin-induced conformational changes contribute to gene silencing associated with histone biotinylation. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test this hypothesis we used atomic force microscopy to directly analyze structures of nucleosomes formed with biotin-modified and non-modified H4. The analysis of the AFM images revealed a 13% increase in the length of DNA wrapped around the histone core in nucleosomes with biotinylated H4. This statistically significant (p,0.001) difference between native and biotinylated nucleosomes corresponds to adding approximately 20 bp to the classical 147 bp length of nucleosomal DNA. Conclusions/Significance: The increase in nucleosomal DNA length is predicted to stabilize the association of DNA with histones and therefore to prevent nucleosomes from unwrapping. This provides a mechanistic explanation for the gene silencing associated with K12Bio-H4. The proposed single-molecule AFM approach will be instrumental for studying the effects of various epigenetic modifications of nucleosomes, in addition to biotinylation

Lyell’s Syndrome: a Case from Practical Experience

У роботі представлена стисла історична довідка, етіологія та патогенез, сучасна класифікація, клініко-морфологічні зміни та патогістологія ССД-ТЕН. Також наведений випадок із власної практики з описанням деяких клінічних даних та патологоанатомічних змін, виявлених на автопсії жінки 29 років, яка страждала на синдром Лайєлла причиною якого було неконтрольоване вживання нестероїдних протизапальних засобів; The paper considers brief historical background, etiology and pathogenesis, current classification, clinicopathologic changes and histopathology of Stevens-Johnson syndrome – toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS- TEN). Lyell’s syndrome (toxic epidermal necrolysis) is a rare acute dermatovisceral immunoallergic toxic-induced pathology, characterized by intensive necrosis and detachment of the epidermis with formation of significant blisters and erosions, affecting skin and mucous membranes. Current concepts of SJS and TEN are considered as variants of the same pathological lesion, overlapping into Stevens-Johnson syndrome, also known as toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS- TEN). Three forms of lesion have been defined depending on the area of epidermis detachment: 1. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (“light form” of TEN) –– detachment of epidermis on more than 10% of body surface area. 2. Transitional form of SJS- TEN (SJS––TEN “overlapping”) –– detachment of epidermis on between10% and 30% of body surface area. 3. TEN (Lyell’s syndrome) – detachment of epidermis on more than 30% of body surface area. Lyell’s syndrome is developed against a background of hypersensitivity of the organism as the reaction to additive effect of toxic, medicinal, infectious agents, plant and animal antigens which are of different effect in different age groups. Immune complex reaction of Type III hypersensitivity is considered to be the leading factor in development of TEN. Pathognomonically, TEN is characterized by necrosis of the epidermis with its further detachment from dermis. TEN affects mucous membranes, such as oral mucosa in the form of aphthous stomatitis, which is further develops in ulcero-necrotic one; genital mucosa (vulvitis, balanoposthitis); ocular mucosa with the development of hemorrhagic and then ulcero-necrotic conjunctivitis. Deep ulcero-necrotic changes and visceral mucosae detachments are also possible. Kidneys are involved in TEN in the form of tubular necrosis which leads to acute renal failure. The loss of fluid, electrolytes and protein through erosive surfaces lead to imbalance of water-salt metabolism, development of infectious complications (often to pneumonia, secondary skin infection) and sepsis that often result in fatal outcome. In the area of blister, generally subepidermal one, necrobiotic changes in epidermis in the form of necrolysis are detected. System of epidermal layers is destroyed, intercellular unions are damaged, hydropic dystrophy of individual epidermal cells, which nuclei are mostly in condition of pycnosis, is observed. Numerous neutrophilic granulocytes are observed between destructive cells. Blister is filled with ballooning cells, lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. Skin undergoes loosening of collagen and elastic fibers, caused by the oedema and minor perivascular lymphoid infiltrates. Vessels undergo endothelial oedema, and are surrounded by lymphoid infiltrates. Two cases from the own clinical experience have been described, presenting some clinical evidence and pathologicoanatomic changes, detected during autopsy of woman and man, suffered from Lyell’s syndrome, cased by the uncontrolled taking of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and complex influence of plant and animal antigens; В работе представлена краткая историческая справка, этиология и патогенез, современная классификация, клинико-морфологические изменения и патогистология ССД-ТэН. Также приведены два случая из собственной практики с описанием некоторых клинических данных и патологоанатомических из- менений, выявленных на аутопсии женщины и мужчины, которые страдали синдромом Лайелла, причинами развития которого было неконтролируемое употребление нестероидных противовоспалительных препара- тов и комплексное влияние растительных и животных антигенов

Methodical bases of teaching of pathological anatomy in the conditions of internationalization of the higher medical education

В статті відображено особливості викладання патологічної анатомії студентам іноземцям. Акцентовано увагу на проведенні практичних занять, контролі знань студентів та проведення підготовки до КРОК-1, значення самостійної позааудиторної роботи в навчанні студента-іноземця.; In paper describes the features of pathological anatomy teaching foreign students. The attention is focused on carrying out a practical training, control of knowledge of students and carrying out preparation for STEP-1, value of independent out-of-class work in training of the foreign student

The role of the museum of the department of pathological anatomy with autopsy course in the academic activity

Тісна єдність педагогічного процесу і виховної роботи лежить в основі діяльності кафедри патологічної анатомії з секційним курсом. В системі медичної освіти, теоретичної і практичної підготовки з патоморфології провідне місце займає музей макропрепаратів. Колекція музею в даний час має особливу цінність, оскільки виготовлення нових натуральних об’єктів стає досить складним завданням. Основою успішної діяльності кафедри багато в чому забезпечується насиченістю і повнотою фонду музею, що визначається планомірною роботою з його оновлення та поповнення новими експонатами. Музей кафедри патологічної анатомії з секційним курсом є невід’ємною складовою навчального процесу студентів і лікарів-інтернів. Також музейні експонати є важливим наочним доказом необхідності дбайливого ставлення до свого здоров’я, що пропагується серед учнівської та студентської молоді Полтави.; The academic activity of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Autopsy Course is grounded on the synergy of the pedagogical process and educational activities. In the system of medical education, theoretical and practical training in pathomorphology the Museum of Macrospecimens takes the leading place. Currently, the collection of the museum has a special value, since the production of new natural objects becomes a rather difficult task. The history of the Department’s museum dates back to 1967, when the Kharkiv Medical Stomatological Institute was transferred to Poltava and renamed into the Poltava Medical Stomatological Institute and the areas of the Department was significantly expanded. The most active period of the museum’s development was noted in the 70s of the last century. Under the guidance of Associate Professors І.І. Davydenko and A.P. Gasiuk all faculty members of the Department and practical pathologists were involved into activities on replenishment of the resources of the museum of macrospecimens. In recent years, the teachers have developed original methods for preserving of macrospecimens with improved sealing of glass containers. Despite the certain complexities, the museum is constantly replenished with new exhibits, and the material of diseases of the orofacial area, cardiovascular, central nervous systems, placental pathology is collecting. It is planned to expand the section of embryo- and fetopathy, taking into account the urgency of the problem of prenatal diagnosis. The stock contains very unique and little used specimens such as the denture in the right bronchus, sarcoma of the upper jaw of the German soldier during the Great Patriotic War, and others. Macrospecimens are also successfully used at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education by interns majoring in Pathological Anatomy, Surgery. Students of our academy have the opportunity to study specimens in all areas of discipline. Self-investigation of the pathological process at the organ level with the assessment of the dynamics of structural changes promotes the development of clinical thinking of future physicians and understanding the significance of pathological anatomy in acquisition of clinical disciplines. When studying all the topics of general and special pathological anatomy, special sets of specimens are formed according to the curricula of medical and dental departments. In addition, the museum spesimens are used in the work of the student’s scientific club. To discuss topics related to the assessment of the impact of adverse environmental factors, special sets of specimens are used that reflect the structural changes in human organs and tissues under the influence of smoking, alcohol, drugs and other harmful habits and the influence of environmental factors that can become a serious motivation for a more reasonable attitude to health, lifestyle and acquired habits. Currently, the museum is becoming more and more popular among the students and schoolchildren of the city and the region: the department regularly conducts classes on the professional orientation of high school, college and HEI students. Demonstration of macrospecimens, illustrating the medical aspects of pathology, is often helpful for the entrants to finally decide on the choice of the profession. In addition, the demonstration of the effects of harmful habits on the human body and future offspring encourages young people to overlook the life style and the priorities they set for themselves. Thus, the Museum at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with Autopsy Course is an integral part of the educational process of students and interns. Furthermore, the museum exhibits are an important visual demonstration of the need for a careful attitude towards the health, which is being promoted among the schoolchildren and students of Poltava city