Фотодинамическая терапия экспериментальных опухолей различных морфологических типов с липосомальным борированным хлорином е6

The article summarizes the results of studies of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy using a new domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 (LBC) after its parenteral administration (intraperitoneal and intravenous). Antitumor efficacy was evaluated in rats with M-1 sarcoma and PC-1 alveolar liver cancer and mice with B16 melanoma and Ehrlich’s carcinoma, which were transplanted subcutaneously into the thigh area of the animals. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal regimes of photodynamic therapy that would allow achieving the maximum antitumor effect up to 21 days after the photodynamic therapy. The therapy was carried out under the control of the accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumor and surrounding tissues of the thigh by selecting the doses of the drug and the parameters of laser radiation (energy density and power density). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the inhibition of tumor growth, by the percentage of animals with complete tumor regression, by the absolute growth rate in animals with continued tumor growth compared to controls. The results of our studies have shown that the domestic photosensitizer liposomal borated chlorin e6 has high antitumor activity in vivo. In an experimental study of the photosensitizer under certain PDT modes, the maximum antitumor effect (complete tumor regression in 100% of animals) was obtained up to 21 days after PDT in all tumor models used.Обобщены результаты исследований эффективности фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) с использованием нового отечественного фотосенсибилизатора липосомального борированного хлорина е6 после его парентерального введения (внутрибрюшинное и внутривенное). Противоопухолевую эффективность препарата оценивали на моделях перевивных опухолей: саркома М–1 и альвеолярный рак печени РС–1 у крыс, меланома В16 и карцинома Эрлиха у мышей. Опухоли перевивали подкожно в область бедра животных. Цель исследования состояла в определении оптимальных режимов ФДТ, позволяющих добиться максимального противоопухолевого эффекта до 21 сут после проведения ФДТ. Терапию проводили под контролем накопления фотосенсибилизатора в опухолевой и окружающих тканях бедра, осуществляя подбор доз препарата и параметров лазерного излучения (плотность энергии и плотность мощности). Эффективность терапии оценивали по следующим параметрам: торможение роста опухоли, процент животных с полной регрессией опухоли, коэффициент абсолютного прироста опухоли у животных с продолженным ростом. Результаты исследований показали, что отечественный фотосенсибилизатор липосомальный борированный хлорин е6 обладает высокой противоопухолевой активностью in vivo. При экспериментальном исследовании фотосенсибилизатора при определенных режимах ФДТ получен максимальный противоопухолевый эффект (полная регрессия опухоли у 100% животных) до 21 сут после проведения ФДТ на всех использованных опухолевых моделях

A Scoping Review of Quality of Life Questionnaires in Glaucoma Patients

PRECIS: Multiple questionnaires exist to measure glaucoma's impact on quality of life (QoL). Selecting the right questionnaire for the research question is essential, as is patients' acceptability of the questionnaire to enable collection of relevant patient-reported outcomes. PURPOSE: QoL relating to a disease and its treatment is an important dimension to capture. This scoping review sought to identify the questionnaires most appropriate for capturing the impact of glaucoma on QoL. METHODS: A literature search of QoL questionnaires used in glaucoma, including patient-reported outcomes measures, was conducted and the identified questionnaires were analyzed using a developed quality criteria assessment. RESULTS: Forty-one QoL questionnaires were found which were analyzed with the detailed quality criteria assessment leading to a summary score. This identified the top 10 scoring QoL questionnaires rated by a synthesis of the quality criteria grid, considering aspects such as reliability and reproducibility, and the authors' expert clinical opinion. The results were ratified in consultation with an international panel of ophthalmologists (N=49) from the Educational Club of Ocular Surface and Glaucoma representing 23 countries. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variability among questionnaires used to determine vision related QoL in glaucoma and in the responses elicited was identified. In conclusion, no single existing QoL questionnaire design is suitable for all purposes in glaucoma research, rather we have identified the top 10 from which the questionnaire most appropriate to the study objective may be selected. Development of a new questionnaire that could better distinguish between treatments in terms of vision and treatment-related QoL would be useful that includes the patient perspective of treatment effects as well as meeting requirements of regulatory and health authorities. Future work could involve development of a formal weighting system with which to comprehensively assess the quality of QoL questionnaires used in glaucoma

Potential Polyvaccine Based on Microbial IgA1 Protease for Prophylaxis of Bacterial Meningitis

The immunogenic and protective activities of recombinant IgA1 serine protease obtained on the base of the genome DNA of N. meningitidis serogroup B strain H44/76 were studied. A several recombinant proteins of different molecular weights that are based on the full-length primary structure of the enzyme, taking into account the distribution of B- and T-epitopes, also were studied. In experiments on laboratory animals it was shown that a number of tested preparations demonstrate the immunogenic and protective activity to protect mice from lethal challenge with virulent strains of meningococcus serogroups A, B and C, thereby exhibiting polyvaccine properties. The protective role of antibodies against the IgA1 protease was shown when mice were infected by meningococccus serogroup B. The increase in antibodies to the meningococcal IgA1 protease into the blood of rabbits infected with different serotypes of pneumococci has been detected, indicating potential ability of the meningococcal IgA1 protease to generate protection against microbes the virulence of which is caused by IgA1protease