Прямое действие и применение норм Конституции РФ: к вопросу о разграничении понятий

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is the delineation of concepts of direct action and the direct application of the Constitution. The proposed topic is very relevant, because nowadays, when the Russian Federation is striving to build a rule-of-law state and a developed civil society, the theoretical and practical bases of the direct action of Constitution require a scientific justification.The methodological basis of the study was: a formal-logical method that made it possible to clarify the properties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, distinguishing it from the statics and dynamics from other regulatory legal acts. The practice of direct enforcement of the Constitution was analyzed with formal-legal method.The authors analyzed theoretical material: the works of Vengerov A.B., Vitruk N.V., Grevtsov Yu.I., Kokotov A.N., Kravets I.A., Lychin V.O., Nevinskii V.V., Ebzeev B.S., - as well as empirical data - decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other courts.The authors came to the conclusion that the direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal feature of the norms of the Basic Law, that are implemented irrespective of the existence of normative legal acts that specify them. Even if it is necessary to specify the norms of the Constitution, clarifying rules are created on the basis of constitutional legal requirements and only develop them for the purpose of implementation. Direct application of the Constitutional rules is only one of the forms of its implementation, according to Art.15 (1) of Russian Constitution.Анализируются различные подходы к раскрытию закрепленных в ч. 1 ст. 15 Конституции РФ ее прямого действия и прямого применения. На основании исследованного материала выявляются различия между указанными терминами. Рассматривается практическое воплощение идеи прямого действия Конституции РФ посредством ее прямого применения, которое является лишь одной из форм реализации Основного закона, делающей прямое действие норм Конституции не просто лишь закрепленным постулатом, а влияющим на практику и имеющим значение для человека и гражданина юридическим свойством Конституции РФ

Apatho-abulitical personality defect in patients, who in for the first time ached shizophrenia in old age

The aim of research was to establishment clinico-psychopathological and social characteristics in patients with a late onset of schizophrenia with apatho-abulitical defect of the person. Are surveyed 36 sick by schizophrenia with a debut at late age (the basic group) and 16 patients with the early beginning of shizophrenic process (control group). Are used clinico-psychopathological, clinico-anamnestic, clinico-dynamic, pathopsychological and statistical methods of research. It is established, that the given type of defect is formed at continuous current of disease, duration of its current from 5 till 10 years with significant progress of process, with rather uniform defeat of all spheres of mental activity. Obtained data promote deeper understanding of structure apatho-abulitical defect at patients with a late schizophrenia and optimization of psychosocial actions to this contingent of patients.Цель работы: целью исследования явилось изучение клинико-психопатологических и социальных характеристик больных поздней шизофренией с апато-абулическим дефектом личности. Обследованы 36 больных шизофренией с дебютом в позднем возрасте (основная группа) и 16 пациентов с ранним началом шизофренического процесса (контрольная группа). Использованы клинико-психопатологический, клинико-анамнестический, клинико-динамический, патопсихологический и статистический методы исследования. Установлено, что данный тип дефекта формируется при непрерывном течении заболевания, длительности его течения от 5 до 10 лет со значительной прогредиентностью процесса, с относительно равномерным поражением всех сфер психической деятельности. Полученные данные способствуют более глубокому пониманию структуры апато-абулического дефекта у больных поздней шизофренией и оптимизации психосоциальных мероприятий этому контингенту пациентов

Direct effect and application of provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: the question of the delimitation of concepts

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is the delineation of concepts of direct action and the direct application of the Constitution. The proposed topic is very relevant, because nowadays, when the Russian Federation is striving to build a rule-of-law state and a developed civil society, the theoretical and practical bases of the direct action of Constitution require a scientific justification.The methodological basis of the study was: a formal-logical method that made it possible to clarify the properties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, distinguishing it from the statics and dynamics from other regulatory legal acts. The practice of direct enforcement of the Constitution was analyzed with formal-legal method.The authors analyzed theoretical material: the works of Vengerov A.B., Vitruk N.V., Grevtsov Yu.I., Kokotov A.N., Kravets I.A., Lychin V.O., Nevinskii V.V., Ebzeev B.S., - as well as empirical data - decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other courts.The authors came to the conclusion that the direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal feature of the norms of the Basic Law, that are implemented irrespective of the existence of normative legal acts that specify them. Even if it is necessary to specify the norms of the Constitution, clarifying rules are created on the basis of constitutional legal requirements and only develop them for the purpose of implementation. Direct application of the Constitutional rules is only one of the forms of its implementation, according to Art.15 (1) of Russian Constitution