Additional file 1 of Diagnostic accuracy of BASIC-Q for detection of cognitive impairment in a primary care setting – a cross-validation study

Supplementary Material 1: Table S1. Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition Questionnaire (BASIC-Q

The Greek Australian neuropsychological normative study: tests & norms for Greek Australians aged 70-85 years

Access to valid and reliable neuropsychological measures for use with culturally diverse groups in Australia is limited. The aim of this study was to adapt and translate a selection of English language neuropsychological tests, employ several existing standardised Greek language tests, and provide specific reference group normative data for Greek Australian older adults. A convenience sample of 90 healthy older Greek Australians (M = 77.14 ± 4.46; range = 70–85), with a primary school level of education (M = 5.60 ± 0.68; Range = 4–6), was recruited throughout the Melbourne metropolitan area. Several neuropsychological measures were administered which assessed domains such as verbal and visual memory, confrontational naming, and executive functions. Regression modelling revealed that age, education and sex predicted between 5% and 35% of the variance of test scores, with age being the most significant predictor of performance across a majority of measures. Therefore, the normative data for all tests were stratified according to three age bands (70–74, 75–79, 80–85). The use of culture-specific tests and norms for assessment of older Greek-Australians with limited education may facilitate accuracy of assessment findings, improve diagnostic outcomes, and reduce misclassification. What is already known about this topic:The use of English language tests with migrant populations and tests developed in nations of origin can lead to misclassification when applied to long-term immigrant peers.The use of test content derived from English language tests has been found to be inappropriate for use with culturally diverse groups.Access to norms and tests for assessment of culturally diverse groups in Australia are limited. The use of English language tests with migrant populations and tests developed in nations of origin can lead to misclassification when applied to long-term immigrant peers. The use of test content derived from English language tests has been found to be inappropriate for use with culturally diverse groups. Access to norms and tests for assessment of culturally diverse groups in Australia are limited. What this topic adds:This paper provides a template for translating and adapting existing English language tests for use with culturally diverse groups.This is the first study to provide a set of comprehensive norms for Greek Australian older adults.Utilising culturally appropriate and specific reference group norms for Greek-Australians may improve the accuracy of assessment findings and reduce misclassification. This paper provides a template for translating and adapting existing English language tests for use with culturally diverse groups. This is the first study to provide a set of comprehensive norms for Greek Australian older adults. Utilising culturally appropriate and specific reference group norms for Greek-Australians may improve the accuracy of assessment findings and reduce misclassification.</p

Performance of middle-aged and elderly European minority and majority populations on a Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB)

<p><b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to examine test performance on a cross-cultural neuropsychological test battery for assessment of middle-aged and elderly ethnic minority and majority populations in western Europe, and to present preliminary normative data. <b>Method:</b> The study was a cross-sectional multi-center study. Tests in the European Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) cover several cognitive domains, including global cognitive function, memory, executive functions, and visuospatial functions. <b>Results:</b> A total of 330 participants were included: 14 Moroccan, 45 Pakistani/Indian Punjabi, 41 Polish, 66 Turkish, and 19 former Yugoslavian minority participants, and 145 western European majority participants. Significant differences between ethnic groups were found on most CNTB measures. However, ethnic groups differed greatly in demographic characteristics and differences in test scores were mainly related to educational differences, explaining an average of 15% of the variance. Preliminary multicultural CNTB normative data dichotomized by education and age were constructed using overlapping cells. Applying this normative data across the whole sample resulted in an acceptable number of participants scoring in the impaired range across all ethnic groups. Factor analyses found the CNTB to have a stable and clinically meaningful factor structure. <b>Conclusions:</b> The CNTB represents the first European joint effort to establish neuropsychological measures appropriate for ethnic minority populations in western Europe. The CNTB can be applied in approximately 60 min, covers several cognitive domains, and appears appropriate for assessment of the targeted populations. However, due to the small sample size in some ethnic groups further studies are needed replicate and support this.</p