Ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости вирусным гепатитом B населения Российской Федерации с 2013 по 2017 г. в аспекте вакцинопрофилактики

The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of viral hepatitis B incidence in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2017, taking into account the use of vaccines included into the National Immunisation Schedule and the Immunisation Programme in Case of Epidemic Outbreaks. The analysis of the data revealed a trend towards a reduction in the incidence of acute and chronic forms of hepatitis B in the territory of the Russian Federation during the past five years. The reduction of viral hepatitis B incidence was achieved thanks to a higher vaccination coverage of both children and adults. The article presents an overview of monovalent and combination recombinant hepatitis B vaccines licensed in the Russian Federation. It describes the WHO position on preventive vaccination against viral hepatitis B, and pays special attention to vaccination of people at risk. The article considers promising areas for improving immunobiological products for hepatitis B prevention, including new technologies used in vaccine production, development and introduction of new adjuvants or adjuvants systems, and development of therapeutic vaccines.Представлены результаты ретроспективного анализа заболеваемости вирусным гепатитом В населения Российской Федерации с учетом применения вакцин Национального календаря профилактических прививок и Календаря профилактических прививок по эпидемическим показаниям за период с 2013 по 2017 г. На основании рассмотренных данных отмечена тенденция к снижению заболеваемости острой и хронической формами гепатита В на территории Российской Федерации за указанный период. Снижение показателей заболеваемости вирусным гепатитом B достигнуто благодаря увеличению охвата вакцинацией как детского, так и взрослого населения. Представлен обзор зарегистрированных и разрешенных к применению в России рекомбинантных моновалентных и комбинированных препаратов для профилактики вирусного гепатита B. Представлены рекомендации ВОЗ в отношении вакцинопрофилактики вирусного гепатита B, в частности, особое внимание уделяется вакцинации лиц, входящих в группы риска. Рассмотрены перспективные направления совершенствования иммунобиологических препаратов для профилактики гепатита B, включающие новые технологии получения вакцины, разработку и внедрение новых адъювантов или адъювантных систем, а также разработку терапевтических вакцин

Этапы стандартизации препаратов эритропоэтинов

Preparations of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) are included in the list of vital and essential drugs for medical use. When evaluating the quality of EPO preparations during the manufacturing process, under the state marketing authorization and certification procedures, in order to confirm their quality in terms of assay (specific activity), identification, dimer and high-molecular related substances content, sialic acids, it is required to use erythropoietin reference standard. The present article describes various stages of the development of erythropoietin reference standards. It provides the comparative description of the existing methods for evaluating the quality of erythropoietin preparations using reference standards. The necessity of the development and validation of national erythropoietin reference standard is justified.Препараты рекомбинантных эритропоэтинов человека (рчЭПО) входят в перечень жизненно необходимых и важнейших лекарственных препаратов для медицинского применения. При оценке качества препаратов ЭПО в процессе производства, при государственной регистрации и сертификации для подтверждения их качества по таким показателям, как количественное определение (специфическая активность), подлинность, димеры и высокомолекулярные родственные вещества, сиаловые кислоты, необходимы стандартные образцы эритропоэтина. В работе приведены сведения об этапах разработки различных стандартных образцов эритропоэтина. Дано сравнительное описание существующих методов оценки качества препаратов эритропоэтина с использованием стандартных образцов. Показана необходимость разработки и аттестации отечественного стандартного образца эритропоэтина

Изучение принципов стандартизации фармакологической активности препаратов рекомбинантных эритропоэтинов

Analysis of the publications devoted to the structure, functions, mechanism of action of erythropoietin is given in the article. Erythropoietin preparations derived from recombinant DNA technology are a mixture of isoforms with different biological activity, which determine the biological properties pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of medicinal product. Erythropoietin preparations derived by using recombinant DNA technology are a mixture of isoforms with different biological activity, that determine the biological properties, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, safety and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. However, at production of erythropoietin, its pharmacological activity is controlled only by the ability to stimulate erythropoiesis, despite the multiplicity of different directions of action of drugs erythropoietin. The drug is dispensed and applied on this indicator. The international reference standard, a European reference biologic drug or calibrated by him enterprise standard samples are used by manufacturers to assess the quality of erythropoietin in the Russian Federation. The urgency of developing domestic standard samples for the evaluation of biological activity and physico-chemical characteristics of erythropoietin preparations produced by recombinant DNA technology.В статье проведен анализ публикаций, посвященных структуре, функциям, механизму действия эритро-поэтина. Препараты эритропоэтина на основе технологии рекомбинантной ДНК представляют собой смесь изоформ с различной биологической активностью, которые определяют биологические свойства, фармакологическую активность, фармакокинетику, терапевтическую эффективность и безопасность лекарственного средства. Несмотря на множественность и разнонаправленность действия лекарственных препаратов эритропоэтина, при их выпуске фармакологическая активность контролируется только по способности стимулировать эритропоэз, по которой и дозируется, и применяется препарат. Для оценки качества эритропоэтина в РФ производители применяют международный стандартный образец, европейский биологический референс-препарат или откалиброванные по ним стандартные образцы предприятия. Показана актуальность разработки отечественных стандартных образцов для определения биологической активности и оценки физико-химических показателей препаратов эритропоэтина на основе технологии рекомбинантной ДНК

Retrospective Analysis of Viral Hepatitis B Incidence in Russia from 2013 to 2017 in the Context of Preventive Vaccination

The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of viral hepatitis B incidence in the Russian Federation from 2013 to 2017, taking into account the use of vaccines included into the National Immunisation Schedule and the Immunisation Programme in Case of Epidemic Outbreaks. The analysis of the data revealed a trend towards a reduction in the incidence of acute and chronic forms of hepatitis B in the territory of the Russian Federation during the past five years. The reduction of viral hepatitis B incidence was achieved thanks to a higher vaccination coverage of both children and adults. The article presents an overview of monovalent and combination recombinant hepatitis B vaccines licensed in the Russian Federation. It describes the WHO position on preventive vaccination against viral hepatitis B, and pays special attention to vaccination of people at risk. The article considers promising areas for improving immunobiological products for hepatitis B prevention, including new technologies used in vaccine production, development and introduction of new adjuvants or adjuvants systems, and development of therapeutic vaccines

Efficiency of alternative electric power industry for poultry farming

The growing poultry industry needs additional energy resources. To improve the efficiency of the energy systems in poultry farms (hereinafter referred to as PF), energy saving options were evaluated by modeling: using different tariffs, changing suppliers, changing the supply voltage, entering the poultry farms to the wholesale electricity and capacity market. Studies have shown that the poultry farms can radically reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour through receiving electricity from an alternative source that works on the saved gas

The stages in standardizing erythropoietin preparations

Preparations of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) are included in the list of vital and essential drugs for medical use. When evaluating the quality of EPO preparations during the manufacturing process, under the state marketing authorization and certification procedures, in order to confirm their quality in terms of assay (specific activity), identification, dimer and high-molecular related substances content, sialic acids, it is required to use erythropoietin reference standard. The present article describes various stages of the development of erythropoietin reference standards. It provides the comparative description of the existing methods for evaluating the quality of erythropoietin preparations using reference standards. The necessity of the development and validation of national erythropoietin reference standard is justified

Studying of the standardization principles of pharmacological activity of recombinant erythropoietin preparations

Analysis of the publications devoted to the structure, functions, mechanism of action of erythropoietin is given in the article. Erythropoietin preparations derived from recombinant DNA technology are a mixture of isoforms with different biological activity, which determine the biological properties pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of medicinal product. Erythropoietin preparations derived by using recombinant DNA technology are a mixture of isoforms with different biological activity, that determine the biological properties, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, safety and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. However, at production of erythropoietin, its pharmacological activity is controlled only by the ability to stimulate erythropoiesis, despite the multiplicity of different directions of action of drugs erythropoietin. The drug is dispensed and applied on this indicator. The international reference standard, a European reference biologic drug or calibrated by him enterprise standard samples are used by manufacturers to assess the quality of erythropoietin in the Russian Federation. The urgency of developing domestic standard samples for the evaluation of biological activity and physico-chemical characteristics of erythropoietin preparations produced by recombinant DNA technology

Biochemical evidence of the interactions of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) with adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT): potential implications linking proteolysis with energy metabolism in cancer cells.

Invasion-promoting MT1-MMP (membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase) is a key element in cell migration processes. To identify the proteins that interact and therefore co-precipitate with this proteinase from cancer cells, we used the proteolytically active WT (wild-type), the catalytically inert E240A and the C-end truncated (tailless; ΔCT) MT1-MMP–FLAG constructs as baits. The identity of the pulled-down proteins was determined by LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem MS) and then confirmed by Western blotting using specific antibodies. We determined that, in breast carcinoma MCF cells (MCF-7 cells), ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) efficiently interacted with the WT, E240A and ΔCT constructs. The WT and E240A constructs also interacted with α-tubulin, an essential component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In turn, tubulin did not co-precipitate with the ΔCT construct because of the inefficient endocytosis of the latter, thus suggesting a high level of selectivity of our test system. To corroborate these results, we then successfully used the ANT2–FLAG construct as a bait to pull-down MT1-MMP, which was naturally produced by fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. We determined that the presence of the functionally inert catalytic domain alone was sufficient to cause the proteinase to interact with ANT2, thus indicating that there is a non-proteolytic mode of these interactions. Overall, it is tempting to hypothesize that by interacting with pro-invasive MT1-MMP, ANT plays a yet to be identified role in a coupling mechanism between energy metabolism and pericellular proteolysis in migrating cancer cells