Assessment of the biological value of forages according to the control tests of milk and its use in the organization of feeding of dairy cattle

The article presents the results of the assessment of the biological usefulness of feed according to the control tests of milk. Scientific research was carried out in LLC "Minskoye" of the Kostroma district of the Kostroma region on a population of 369 cows of the Kostroma and Black-and-White breeds according to the seasons of the year. The authors found that in terms of the level of digestible protein in lactating cows, there is an imbalance in almost all seasons of the year, so most animals are prone to diseases associated with metabolic disorders. The level of rumen acidity in animals of the Koroma breed was more stable (pH = 6.2-6.4) in all seasons of the year, which indicates a lower likelihood of developing acidosis, in contrast to Black-and-White breed cows. Based on the indicators of milk control tests, insufficient supply of raw protein to cows of the Kostroma and Black-and-White breeds during the milking period was established. The highest daily milk yields (more than 30 kg of milk) were obtained from cows in the first and second periods of lactation in all seasons of the year. In animals with a level of availability of digestible protein of 10.3-10.9 g/MJ, there is a normal ratio of fat: protein (1.26:1), with a profitability level of 66.11%, while animals with an insufficient level availability of digestible protein of 10.2 g/MJ and less, had the level of profitability of milk production 73.93 and 86.44%, respectively. When the level of availability of digestible protein is more than 11.0 g/MJ in animals, the likelihood of acidosis increases. Evaluation of the biological value of feeds according to control tests of milk during the period of control milkings will allow monitoring the energy and protein nutrition of animals

Hadron shower decomposition in the highly granular CALICE analogue hadron calorimeter

The spatial development of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter is studied using test beam data collected at CERN and FNAL for single positive pions and protons with initial momenta in the range from 10 to 80 GeV/c. Both longitudinal and radial development of hadron showers are parametrised with two-component functions. The parametrisation is fit to test beam data and simulations using the QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT physics lists from Geant4 version 9.6. The parameters extracted from data and simulated samples are compared for the two types of hadrons. The response to pions and the ratio of the non-electromagnetic to the electromagnetic calorimeter response, h/e, are estimated using the extrapolation and decomposition of the longitudinal profiles.Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables; author list changed; submitted to JINS

Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter

We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4 simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, 8 table