Optimisation of on-line principal component analysis

Different techniques, used to optimise on-line principal component analysis, are investigated by methods of statistical mechanics. These include local and global optimisation of node-dependent learning-rates which are shown to be very efficient in speeding up the learning process. They are investigated further for gaining insight into the learning rates' time-dependence, which is then employed for devising simple practical methods to improve training performance. Simulations demonstrate the benefit gained from using the new methods.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Design and performance of a fixed, nonaccelerating, guide vane cascade that operates over an inlet flow angle range of 60 deg

A unique set of wind tunnel guide vanes are designed with an inverse design code and analyzed with a panel method and an integral boundary layer code developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center. The fixed guide vanes, 80 feet long with 6-foot chord length, were designed for the NASA Ames 40 x 80/80 x 120 ft Wind Tunnel. Low subsonic flow is accepted over a 60 deg range of inlet angle from either the 40 x 80 leg or the 80 x 120 leg of the wind tunnel, and directed axially into the main leg of the tunnel where drive fans are located. Experimental tests of 1/10-scale models were conducted to verify design calculations

An Observational Study of Tropical Cyclone Spinup in Supertyphoon Jangmi (2008) from 24 to 27 September

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00306.1An observational study of tropical cyclone intensification is performed using dropsondes, in situ flight-level data, satellite imagery, and Electra Doppler Radar (ELDORA) during the spinup of Tropical Storm Jangmi (2008) in the western North Pacific. This event was observed with research aircraft during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment over the course of 3 days as Jangmi intensified rapidly from a tropical storm to a supertyphoon. The dropsonde analysis indicates that the peak azimuthally averaged storm-relative tangential wind speed occurs persistently within the boundary layer throughout the spinup period and suggests that significant supergradient winds are present near and just within the radius of maximum tangential winds. An examination of the ELDORA data in Tropical Storm Jangmi reveals multiple rotating updrafts near the developing eye beneath cold cloud top temperatures ≤ -65°C. In particular, there is a 12-km-wide, upright updraft with a peak velocity of 9m s¯¹ with collocated strong low-level (z < 2 km) convergence of 2 x 10¯³ s¯¹ and intense relative vorticity of 4 x 10¯³ s¯¹. The analysis of the corresponding infrared satellite imagery suggests that vortical updrafts are common before and during rapid intensification. The findings of this study support a recent paradigm of tropical cyclone intensification in which rotating convective clouds are important elements in the spinup process. In a system-scale view of this process, the maximum tangential wind is found within the boundary layer, where the tangential wind becomes supergradient before the air ascends into the eyewall updraft.Naval Postgraduate SchoolOffice of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129),National Science FoundationOffice of Naval Research (Grant N001408WR20129

RNA secondary structure formation: a solvable model of heteropolymer folding

The statistical mechanics of heteropolymer structure formation is studied in the context of RNA secondary structures. A designed RNA sequence biased energetically towards a particular native structure (a hairpin) is used to study the transition between the native and molten phase of the RNA as a function of temperature. The transition is driven by a competition between the energy gained from the polymer's overlap with the native structure and the entropic gain of forming random contacts. A simplified Go-like model is proposed and solved exactly. The predicted critical behavior is verified via exact numerical enumeration of a large ensemble of similarly designed sequences.Comment: 4 pages including 2 figure

The limits of discourse: masculinity as vulnerability

For many, gender equity being fair to women and men is a zero sum game in which men should be willing to give up their privileges for the creation of a more equitable and just society. The idea that men might benefit from gender equity seems, for many, unthinkable. This was brought home a few years ago in a gender studies test, when students answering a question on what men might gain from gender equality explained instead how women would benefit. In this Perspective I reflect on the ways in which popular discourses around gender may inadvertently undermine movement towards gender and social justice. Dismissing my students' answers as the result of poor teaching or learning misses a key point: It seems to be extraordinarily difficult for most people to recognise how gender creates masculine vulnerabilities or how gender equity could benefit men. I suggest that if we are to improve women's lives through the reduction of violence, feminist teachers and activists need to think creatively about how to help men and boys understand that performances of masculinity deeply compromise their own lives

Tissue-specific expression of high-voltage-activated dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channels

The cloning of the cDNA for the α1 subunit of L-type calcium channels revealed that at least two genes (CaCh1 and CaCh2) exist which give rise to several splice variants. The expression of mRNA for these α1 subunits and the skeletal muscle α2/δ, β and γ subunits was studied in rabbit tissues and BC3H1 cells. Nucleic-acid-hybridization studies showed that the mRNA of all subunits are expressed in skeletal muscle, brain, heart and aorta. However, the α1-, β- and γ-specific transcripts had different sizes in these tissues. Smooth muscle and heart contain different splice variants of the CaCh2 gene. The α1, β and γ mRNA are expressed together in differentiated but not in proliferating BC3H1 cells. A probe specific for the skeletal muscle α2/δ subunit did not hybridize to poly(A)-rich RNA from BC3H1 cells. These results suggest that different splice variants of the genes for the α1, β and γ subunits exist in tissues containing L-type calcium channels, and that their expression is regulated in a coordinate manner

The nucleotide and partial amino acid sequences of rat fetuin

Fetuins are among the major plasma proteins, yet their biological role has remained elusive. Here we report the molecular cloning of rat fetuin and the sequence analysis of a full-length clone, RF619 of 1456 bp with an open reading frame of 1056 bp encoding 352 amino acid residues. The coding part of RF619 was identical with the cDNA sequence of the natural inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase from rat (pp63) except for four substitutions and a single base insertion causing divergence of the predicted protein sequences. Partial amino acid sequences of rat plasma fetuin were in agreement with the predictions based on the RF619 cDNA. Purified rat fetuin inhibited the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase in vitro. Therefore, we conclude that RF619 and pp63 cDNA encode the same protein, i.e. authentic rat fetuin which is a functional tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Analisis Organoleptik Terhadap Granula Bumbu Penyedap Rasa Ikan Lemuru (Sardinella sp)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the organoleptic to the condiment granula. Fermenting with long, fermentation, 8 days, 10 days, 12 days, and 14 days are used in this study. The result of this study using Kruskal-Wallis analysis data. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value on taste, which is 7.068 less than chi-square’s critical value, that is, 7.815 and H0 is declined and H1 is accepted. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value, which is 4.288 lower than the critical value of chi-square, which is 7.815, and H0 is declined and H1 is accepted. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value, which is 4.534 of chi-square’s critical value, which is 7.815, and H0 is declined and H1 is accepted. Kruskal-Wallis statistical value on the texture aspect, namely 3.106 less than the critical value of chi-square, which is 7.815 and H0 declined and H1 was accepted. A sample takes the time to dissolve which is 28 seconds, sample b takes the time to dissolve which is 30 seconds, sample c takes the time to dissolve that is 27 seconds, and for sample d it takes 32 seconds to dissolve.Keywords:    Seasonings, granules, organoleptic. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis organoleptik terhadap granula bumbu penyedap. Pada penelitian ini digunakan ikan lemuru yang difermentasikan dengan lama fermentasi 8 hari, 10 hari, 12 hari, dan 14 hari. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan data analisis Kruskal-Wallis. Nilai statistik Kruskal-Wallis pada aspek rasa, yakni 7,068 lebih kecil dari nilai kritis chi-square, yakni 7,815 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Nilai statistik Kruskal-Wallis pada aspek bau, yakni 4,288 lebih kecil dari nilai kritis chi-square, yakni 7,815 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Nilai statistik Kruskal-Wallis pada aspek warna, yakni 4,534 lebih kecil dari nilai kritis chi-square, yakni 7,815 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Nilai statistik Kruskal-Wallis pada aspek tekstur, yakni 3,106 lebih kecil dari nilai kritis chi-square, yakni 7,815 maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sampel A dibutuhkan waktu untuk larut yaitu 28 detik, sampel B dibutuhkan waktu untuk larut yaitu 30 detik, sampel C dibutuhkan waktu untuk larut yaitu 27 detik, dan untuk sampel D dibutuhkan waktu untuk larut yaitu 32 detik.Kata kunci:  Bumbu penyedap, granula, organoleptik

Activation of Muscarinic M1 Acetylcholine Receptors Induces Long-Term Potentiation in the Hippocampus

Muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptors (M1Rs) are highly expressed in the hippocampus, and their inhibition or ablation disrupts the encoding of spatial memory. It has been hypothesized that the principal mechanism by which M1Rs influence spatial memory is by the regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Here, we use a combination of recently developed, well characterized, selective M1R agonists and M1R knock-out mice to define the roles of M1Rs in the regulation of hippocampal neuronal and synaptic function. We confirm that M1R activation increases input resistance and depolarizes hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and show that this profoundly increases excitatory postsynaptic potential-spike coupling. Consistent with a critical role for M1Rs in synaptic plasticity, we now show that M1R activation produces a robust potentiation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto CA1 pyramidal neurons that has all the hallmarks of long-term potentiation (LTP): The potentiation requires NMDA receptor activity and bi-directionally occludes with synaptically induced LTP. Thus, we describe synergistic mechanisms by which acetylcholine acting through M1Rs excites CA1 pyramidal neurons and induces LTP, to profoundly increase activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons. These features are predicted to make a major contribution to the pro-cognitive effects of cholinergic transmission in rodents and humans