Diagnostic Tests for Helicobacter Pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram negative bacterium, has 4-6 flagella, live in microaerophillic condition, has urease, oxidase and catalase enzymes. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is etiologically involved in dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric B-cell lymphoma. Transmissions of H. pylori is by fecal-oral and oral-oral.4 Diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection can be divided into 2 categories, invasive and non invasive methods. Invasive methods to diagnose H. pylori infection are performed by endoscopy and biopsy. Gastric biopsies are then tested with culture, histologic assessment, urease test and PCR test. Non-invasive methods to diagnose H. pylori infections consist of urea breath test (UBT), 15NH + excretion test, serologic detection of IgG and IgA in the blood, fecal antigen detection and fecal PCR detection. All these tests have its own advantages and limitations. But non-invasive tests have several advantages compared to invasive tests as cheaper, more convenient and easier to perform. To apply these tests accurately, it is very important to understand the principle of the test, how to perform the test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and to recognize all the sources of error which can happen with each test and accurate interpretation

Variation in enamel mechanical properties throughout the crown in catarrhine primates.

Enamel mechanical properties vary across molar crowns, but the relationship among mechanical properties, tooth function, and phylogeny are not well understood. Fifteen primate lower molars representing fourteen taxa (catarrhine, n = 13; platyrrhine, n = 1) were sectioned in the lingual-buccal plane through the mesial cusps. Gradients of enamel mechanical properties, specifically hardness and elastic modulus, were quantified using nanoindentation from inner (near the enamel-dentine junction), through middle, to outer enamel (near the outer enamel surface) at five positions (buccal lateral, buccal cuspal, occlusal middle, lingual cuspal, lingual lateral). Cuspal positions had higher mechanical property values than lateral positions. Middle enamel had higher mean hardness and elastic modulus values than inner and outer locations in all five crown positions. Functionally, the thicker-enameled buccal cusps of lower molars did not show evidence of increased resistance to failure; instead, lingual cusps-which show higher rates of fracture-had higher average mechanical property values, with no significant differences observed between sides. Preliminary phylogenetic results suggest there is relatively little phylogenetic signal in gradients of mechanical properties through the enamel or across the crown. There appears to be common mechanical property patterns across molar crowns in Catarrhini and potentially among primates more broadly. These results may allow more precise interpretations of dental biomechanics and processes resulting in mechanical failure of enamel in primates, such as wear and fracture. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Pengaruh Cabe Rawit Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Lambung Tikus Wistar Yang Diinduksi Aspirin

: Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens L ) is commonly in daily food. This study aimed to determine the effect of cayenne pepper to histopathological changes in gaster of Wistar rats induced by aspirin. This was an experimental study. Subjects were Wistar rats consisted of 5 rats as the negative control and 20 rats as the treatment group. Group A, the negative control group, was untreated; group B was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days; group C was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days together with cayenne pepper 84mg once daily; group D was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days followed by cayenne 84mg twice daily; and group E was treated with aspirin 21mg/day for 10 days and then was untreated for 3 days. The histopathological changes in group C showed a lot of inflammatory cells and erosion of gastric mucosa epithelium compared to group B, D, and E. Group D also showed inflammatory cells but no erosion as in group C. Group E had less inflammatory cells than group B, C, and D. Conclusion: Administration of aspirin 21mg/kg BW for 10 days led to acute gastritis in Wistar rat. Administration of aspirin together with cayenne 84mg/day led to acute gastritis and erosion of gastric mucosa epithelium. However, administration of cayenne pepper 168mg/day after aspirin led to acute gastritis without erosio

Analisis Nilai Tambah Pisang “Goroho” (Musa Acuminafe, SP) (Studi Kasus: Sabuah Ungu Pantai Malalayang Kota Manado)

This study aims to find out how much added value goroho bananas. This research was carried out for 3 months in Sabuah Purple Malalayang Beach at Manado City. This research uses primary data with direct interview technique to the manager. The results showed that from the four forms of processed banana goroho goroho banana flour sticks, regular sticks, chips, and split four; The most value added in the form of processed banana goroho flour sticks with a value of IDR 2816.78 compared with other processed forms such as common sticks IDR 1567,97, chips IDR 1091,78, and split four IDR 1176,78

Pemasaran Buah Stroberi dari Kelurahan Rurukan dan Rurukan Satu Kecamatan Tomohon Timur, Kota Tomohon

This study aims to find out the marketing channels of strawberries ranging from farmers in the Village Rurukan and Rurukan one to the supermarket. The research was conducted in Kelurahan Rurukan and Rurukan Satu East Tomohon Subdistrict Tomohon City for three months from May 2016 until July 2016. The data obtained are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data sourced from direct interviews with related parties, among others strawberry farmers who became the subject of research. Secondary data is data obtained by the researcher who sourced from documents from related agencies, such as: Rurukan urban village office and Rurukan Satu East Tomohon subdistrict Tomohon City, internet and library sources or literature book data is analyzed by using marketing margin, farmer's share and profit margin. Based on the results of marketing channel research as much as two channels of marketing channel I ranging from farmers to final consumers, marketing channels II farmers to the Supermarket divided into two places namely Cool Tomohon and Freshmart Bahu. The result of marketing Margin of strawberry fruit on channel I is Rp. 0 (0%). For marketing margin value II is Rp. 6500 (30, 23%) (Cool) and Rp. 13,000 (46, 42%) (Freshmart). This shows that the largest margin of marketing value occurs in the marketing channel II in the supermarket Freshmart. The largest profit margin in the strawberry fruit sequence that occurs in marketing channel I between farmers to consumers with profit margin of Rp. 13,250 (98.14%).*jnkd

Penentuan Total Harga Pokok Produksi Tepung Kelapa pada PT. Putra Karangetang Desa Popontolen, Kecamatan Tumpaan, Sulawesi Utara

North Sulawesi is one of the biggest coconut producer in Indonesia . This situation provides an opportunity for PT .Putra Karangetang processing of coconuts into deciccated coconut . To determine the selling price of this industry, it is necessary to determine the cost of production . This study uses a case study by using primary and secondary data . The data was analyzed by the method of full costing and variable costing. The results showed that the cost of production of each kilogram of desiccated coconut by the company amounted to Rp 18.067,17 while using the full costing is Rp 18.155.31 and variable costing is Rp 17.651.53 .*ael

Profil USAha Nasi Kuning di Kecamatan Tuminting Kota Manado (Studi Kasus Nasi Kuning Ci\u27 Ida)

The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the business yellow rice in District Tuminting, Manado City. The business profile is limited to the amount of profit earned. The study was conducted in Yellow Rice Ci\u27Ida Tuminting District of Manado City. Data were collected by interview directly with the owners of yellow rice. Variables are calculated for characteristic of entrepreneurs, age, education, long sought, establishment, the owners of capital, organization structure, licensing, production, product type, production process, type of production, packaging and sales, raw materials, labor, buildings and equipment. Yellow rice effort Ci \u27Ida is a small business has been operating since 1962 using its own capital and maintain recipes from parents. The yellow rice businesses serve customers every day from 07.00- 11:00 am and 05:00 to 10:00 p.m.. The amount of raw materials used rice ranges between 8-12 kg. On Saturday and Sunday is the highest demand. The highest demand on the benefits obtained is Rp 445 039 per day

The Menopausal Symptoms of Paramedics at a Tertiary Care Center

Objective: To assess paramedic menopausal symptoms on the inpatient unit and outpatient unit. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data collect by fill the questioner, the questioner fill by menopausal paramedic on Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado Hospital from October 2016 to January 2017. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: Of 60 paramedics, 30 were divided to inpatient unit and the other 30 were divided to outpatient unit. By the menopause rating scale, somatic and urogenital complaint in statistical test have no significant differences. Psychology complaint with a moderate complaints on inpatient unit have 19 paramedic (63%) and 12 paramedic (40%) on outpatient paramedic, in statistical have a significant differences (x2=9.62, p=0.022). On the total score menopausal complaints, the moderate complaints 18 paramedic (60%) on the inpatient unit and the minor complaints 21 paramedic (70%) on the outpatient unit, in statistical have a significant differences (x2=6.97, p=0.031). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in somatic and urogenital complaints on paramedic inpatient unit and outpatient unit. There is a significant difference in psychological complaints and total score menopausal complaints on paramedic inpatient unit and outpatient unit. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-4: 208-212] Keywords: menopause, menopause rating scale, paramedi

Abdominal Tuberculosis: Diagnostic and Management Problems

Abdominal tuberculosis, as one of the manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, may involve gastrointestinal tract, peritoneum, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and also spleen. Most patients have constitutional symptoms of fever, pain, diarrhea, constipation, alternating constipation and diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia and malaise. It also has an insidious course without any specific laboratory, radiological or clinical findings and makes it difficult to diagnosis. Anti tuberculosis treatments with initiation phase for 2 months and continue with continuation phase for 7 months is effective. Steroids may be used to reduce acute inflammation and limit delayed fibrotic complications. We report a male patient with abdominal tuberculosis involving peritoneum, liver, colon, paraaorta lymph nodes, and spleen, which at first suggested as a Malignancy. Drug induced hepatitis due to anti tuberculosis drug during treatment was emerged and substituted with other regimen. After given anti tuberculosis treatment and steroid as adjunctive treatment, the clinical condition of patient was improved