47,921 research outputs found
The Effects of Market Survey Rates, Job Evaluation and Job Gender on Job Pay
The present study investigates the effects of current pay, market surveys, job evaluation points, job gender, and rater sex on pay rates for jobs. 406 compensation administrators assigned new pay rates to nine jobs in one of two matched job sets: either all predominantly female, or all predominantly male. The two sets were matched on all quantitative data (current rate, market rate, and job evaluation points), but varied in terms of job titles and descriptions. Multiple analyses of variance and regression analyses were performed to determine whether job gender had a significant effect on assigned pay rates, holding other factors constant. Regardless of the analysis employed, no evidence of gender bias was found. Limitations and suggestions for future research are offered
Spatial control of irreversible protein aggregation
Liquid cellular compartments spatially segregate from the cytoplasm and can
regulate aberrant protein aggregation, a process linked to several medical
conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Yet the mechanisms
by which these droplet-like compartments affect protein aggregation remain
unknown. Here, we combine kinetic theory of protein aggregation and
liquid-liquid phase separation to study the spatial control of irreversible
protein aggregation in the presence of liquid compartments. We find that, even
for weak interactions between the compartment constituents and the aggregating
monomers, aggregates are strongly enriched inside the liquid compartment
relative to the surrounding cytoplasm. We show that this enrichment is caused
by a positive feedback mechanism of aggregate nucleation and growth which is
mediated by a flux maintaining the phase equilibrium between the compartment
and the cytoplasm. Our model predicts that the compartment volume that
maximizes aggregate enrichment in the compartment is determined by the reaction
orders of aggregate nucleation. The underlying mechanism of aggregate
enrichment could be used to confine cytotoxic protein aggregates inside
droplet-like compartments suggesting potential new avenues against aberrant
protein aggregation. Our findings could also represent a common mechanism for
the spatial control of irreversible chemical reactions in general
Numerical Models for the Diffuse Ionized Gas in Galaxies. II. Three-dimensional radiative transfer in inhomogeneous interstellar structures as a tool for analyzing the diffuse ionized gas
Aims: We systematically explore a plausible subset of the parameter space
involving effective temperatures and metallicities of the ionizing stellar
sources, the effects of the hardening of their radiation by surrounding leaky
HII regions with different escape fractions, as well as different scenarios for
the clumpiness of the DIG, and compute the resulting line strength ratios for a
number of diagnostic optical emission lines.
Methods: For the ionizing fluxes we compute a grid of stellar spectral energy
distributions (SEDs) from detailed, fully non-LTE model atmospheres that
include the effects of stellar winds and line blocking and blanketing. To
calculate the ionization and temperature structure in the HII regions and the
diffuse ionized gas we use spherically symmetric photoionization models as well
as state-of-the-art three-dimensional (3D) non-LTE radiative transfer
simulations, considering hydrogen, helium, and the most abundant metals.
Results: We provide quantitative predictions of how the line ratios from HII
regions and the DIG vary as a function of metallicity, stellar effective
temperature, and escape fraction from the HII region. The range of predicted
line ratios reinforces the hypothesis that the DIG is ionized by (filtered)
radiation from hot stars; however, comparison of observed and predicted line
ratios indicates that the DIG is typically ionized with a softer SED than
predicted by the chosen stellar population synthesis model. Even small changes
in simulation parameters like the clumping factor can lead to considerable
variation in the ionized volume. Both for a more homogeneous gas and a very
inhomogeneous gas containing both dense clumps and channels with low gas
density, the ionized region in the dilute gas above the galactic plane can
cease to be radiation-bounded, allowing the ionizing radiation to leak into the
intergalactic medium.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&
Improving Kenya's Domestic Horticultural Production and Marketing System: Current Competitiveness, Forces of Change, and Challenges for the Future (Volume II: Horticultural Marketing)
The specific objectives of this Volume are to: estimate the share of domestic FFV production going to international and domestic markets; determine the share of imports from Tanzania and Uganda in Kenyaâs horticultural markets; investigate the competitiveness of Kenyaâs horticultural produce in local and regional markets; determine the current and likely future share of key marketing channels in Kenyaâs domestic FFV marketing system, especially âmodernâ channels such as supermarkets and more traditional channels such as open air markets and kiosks; and recommend steps that should be taken to place Kenyaâs domestic horticulture in a position to compete favorably in local and regional markets.Food Security, Food Policy, Horticultural Marketing, Kenya, Crop Production/Industries, Q18,
Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Pinning Force Scaling in State-of-the-Art Nb3Sn Wires
We present an extensive irradiation study involving five state-of-the-art
Nb3Sn wires which were subjected to sequential neutron irradiation up to a fast
neutron fluence of 1.6 * 10^22 m^-2 (E > 0.1 MeV). The volume pinning force of
short wire samples was assessed in the temperature range from 4.2 to 15 K in
applied fields of up to 7 T by means of SQUID magnetometry in the unirradiated
state and after each irradiation step. Pinning force scaling computations
revealed that the exponents in the pinning force function differ significantly
from those expected for pure grain boundary pinning, and that fast neutron
irradiation causes a substantial change in the functional dependence of the
volume pinning force. A model is presented, which describes the pinning force
function of irradiated wires using a two-component ansatz involving a
point-pinning contribution stemming from radiation induced pinning centers. The
dependence of this point-pinning contribution on fast neutron fluence appears
to be a universal function for all examined wire types.Comment: 8 page
Representative Characteristics of Rural Households in Areas of Central and Southern Mozambique Affected by the 2000 Floods
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambiquefood security, food policy, Mozambique, rural households, Food Security and Poverty, Q18,
Component-specific modeling
Accomplishments are described for a 3 year program to develop methodology for component-specific modeling of aircraft hot section components (turbine blades, turbine vanes, and burner liners). These accomplishments include: (1) engine thermodynamic and mission models, (2) geometry model generators, (3) remeshing, (4) specialty three-dimensional inelastic structural analysis, (5) computationally efficient solvers, (6) adaptive solution strategies, (7) engine performance parameters/component response variables decomposition and synthesis, (8) integrated software architecture and development, and (9) validation cases for software developed
Representative Characteristics of Rural Households in Areas of Central and Southern Mozambique Affected by the 2000 Floods
Research Results from the Department of Policy Analysis MADR-Directorate of Economicsfood security, food policy, Mozambique, rural household, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Q18,
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